PROTOCOL TO THE COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR TEST BAN TREATY
PART I
THE INTERNATIONAL MONITORING SYSTEM AND
INTERNATIONAL DATA CENTRE FUNCTIONS
A. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1. The International Monitoring System shall
comprise monitoring facilities as set out in Article
IV, paragraph 16, and respective means of
communication.
2. The monitoring facilities incorporated into the
International Monitoring System shall consist of those
facilities specified in Annex 1 to this Protocol. The
International Monitoring System shall fulfil the
technical and operational requirements specified in
the relevant operational manuals.
3. The Organization, in accordance with Article II,
shall, in cooperation and consultation with the States
Parties, with other States, and with international
organizations as appropriate, establish and coordinate
the operation and maintenance, and any future agreed
modification or development of the International
Monitoring System.
4. In accordance with appropriate agreements or
arrangements and procedures, a State Party or other
State hosting or otherwise taking responsibility for
International Monitoring System facilities and the
Technical Secretariat shall agree and cooperate in
establishing, operating, upgrading, financing, and
maintaining monitoring facilities, related certified
laboratories and respective means of communication
within areas under its jurisdiction or control or
elsewhere in conformity with international law. Such
cooperation shall be in accordance with the security
and authentication requirements and technical
specifications contained in the relevant operational
manuals. Such a State shall give the Technical
Secretariat authority to access a monitoring facility
for checking equipment and communication links, and
shall agree to make the necessary changes in the
equipment and the operational procedures to meet
agreed requirements. The Technical Secretariat shall
provide to such States appropriate technical
assistance as is deemed by the Executive Council to be
required for the proper functioning of the facility as
part of the International Monitoring System.
5. Modalities for such cooperation between the
Organization and States Parties or States hosting or
otherwise taking responsibility for facilities of the
International Monitoring System shall be set out in
agreements or arrangements as appropriate in each
case.
B. SEISMOLOGICAL MONITORING
6. Each State Party undertakes to cooperate in an
international exchange of seismological data to assist
in the verification of compliance with this Treaty.
This cooperation shall include the establishment and
operation of a global network of primary and auxiliary
seismological monitoring stations. These stations
shall provide data in accordance with agreed
procedures to the International Data Centre.
7. The network of primary stations shall consist of
the 50 stations specified in Table 1-A of Annex 1 to
this Protocol. These stations shall fulfil the
technical and operational requirements specified in
the Operational Manual for Seismological Monitoring
and the International Exchange of Seismological Data.
Uninterrupted data from the primary stations shall be
transmitted, directly or through a national data
centre, on-line to the International Data Centre.
8. To supplement the primary network, an auxiliary
network of 120 stations shall provide information,
directly or through a national data centre, to the
International Data Centre upon request. The auxiliary
stations to be used are listed in Table 1-B of Annex 1
to this Protocol. The auxiliary stations shall fulfil
the technical and operational requirements specified
in the Operational Manual for Seismological Monitoring
and the International Exchange of Seismological Data.
Data from the auxiliary stations may at any time be
requested by the International Data Centre and shall
be immediately available through on-line computer
connections.
C. RADIONUCLIDE MONITORING
9. Each State Party undertakes to cooperate in an
international exchange of data on radionuclides in the
atmosphere to assist in the verification of compliance
with this Treaty. This cooperation shall include the
establishment and operation of a global network of
radionuclide monitoring stations and certified
laboratories. The network shall provide data in
accordance with agreed procedures to the International
Data Centre.
10. The network of stations to measure radionuclides
in the atmosphere shall comprise an overall network of
80 stations, as specified in Table 2-A of Annex 1 to
this Protocol. All stations shall be capable of
monitoring for the presence of relevant particulate
matter in the atmosphere. Forty of these stations
shall also be capable of monitoring for the presence
of relevant noble gases upon the entry into force of
this Treaty. For this purpose the Conference, at its
initial session, shall approve a recommendation by the
Preparatory Commission as to which 40 stations from
Table 2-A of Annex 1 to this Protocol shall be capable
of noble gas monitoring. At its first regular annual
session, the Conference shall consider and decide on a
plan for implementing noble gas monitoring capability
throughout the network. The Director-General shall
prepare a report to the Conference on the modalities
for such implementation. All monitoring stations
shall fulfil the technical and operational
requirements specified in the Operational Manual for
Radionuclide Monitoring and the International Exchange
of Radionuclide Data.
11. The network of radionuclide monitoring stations
shall be supported by laboratories, which shall be
certified by the Technical Secretariat in accordance
with the relevant operational manual for the
performance, on contract to the Organization and on a
fee-for-service basis, of the analysis of samples from
radionuclide monitoring stations. Laboratories
specified in Table 2-B of Annex 1 to this Protocol,
and appropriately equipped, shall, as required, also
be drawn upon by the Technical Secretariat to perform
additional analysis of samples from radionuclide
monitoring stations. With the agreement of the
Executive Council, further laboratories may be
certified by the Technical Secretariat to perform the
routine analysis of samples from manual monitoring
stations where necessary. All certified laboratories
shall provide the results of such analysis to the
International Data Centre, and in so doing shall
fulfil the technical and operational requirements
specified in the Operational Manual on Radionuclide
Monitoring and the International Exchange of
Radionuclide Data.
D. HYDROACOUSTIC MONITORING
12. Each State Party undertakes to cooperate in an
international exchange of hydroacoustic data to assist
in the verification of compliance with this Treaty.
This cooperation shall include the establishment and
operation of a global network of hydroacoustic
monitoring stations. These stations shall provide
data in accordance with agreed procedures to the
International Data Centre.
13. The network of hydroacoustic stations shall
consist of the stations specified in Table 3 of Annex
1 to this Protocol, and shall comprise an overall
network of six hydrophone and five T-phase stations.
These stations shall fulfil the technical and
operational requirements specified in the Operational
Manual for Hydroacoustic Monitoring and the
International Exchange of Hydroacoustic Data.
E. INFRASOUND MONITORING
14. Each State Party undertakes to cooperate in an
international exchange of infrasound data to assist in
the verification of compliance with this Treaty. This
cooperation shall include the establishment and
operation of a global network of infrasound monitoring
stations. These stations shall provide data in
accordance with agreed procedures to the International
Data Centre.
15. The network of infrasound stations shall consist
of the stations specified in Table 4 of Annex 1 to
this Protocol, and shall comprise an overall network
of 60 stations. These stations shall fulfil the
technical and operational requirements specified in
the Operational Manual for Infrasound Monitoring and
the International Exchange of Infrasound Data.
F. INTERNATIONAL DATA CENTRE FUNCTIONS
16. The International Data Centre shall receive,
collect, process, analyse, report on and archive data
from International Monitoring System facilities,
including the results of analysis conducted at
certified laboratories.
17. The procedures and standard event screening
criteria to be used by the International Data Centre
in carrying out its agreed functions, in particular
for the production of standard reporting products and
for the performance of a standard range of services
for States Parties, shall be elaborated in the
Operational Manual for the International Data Centre
and shall be progressively developed. The procedures
and criteria developed initially by the Preparatory
Commission shall be approved by the Conference at its
initial session.
International Data Centre Standard Products
18. The International Data Centre shall apply on a
routine basis automatic processing methods and
interactive human analysis to raw International
Monitoring System data in order to produce and archive
standard International Data Centre products on behalf
of all States Parties. These products shall be
provided at no cost to States Parties and shall be
without prejudice to final judgements with regard to
the nature of any event, which shall remain the
responsibility of States Parties, and shall include:
(a) Integrated lists of all signals detected
by the International Monitoring System, as well as
standard event lists and bulletins, including the
values and associated uncertainties calculated for
each event located by the International Data Centre,
based on a set of standard parameters;
(b) Standard screened event bulletins that
result from the application to each event by the
International Data Centre of standard event screening
criteria, making use of the characterization
parameters specified in Annex 2 to this Protocol, with
the objective of characterizing, highlighting in the
standard event bulletin, and thereby screening out,
events considered to be consistent with natural
phenomena or non-nuclear, man-made phenomena. The
standard event bulletin shall indicate numerically for
each event the degree to which that event meets or
does not meet the event screening criteria. In
applying standard event screening, the International
Data Centre shall use both global and supplementary
screening criteria to take account of regional
variations where applicable. The International Data
Centre shall progressively enhance its technical
capabilities as experience is gained in the operation
of the International Monitoring System;
(c) Executive summaries, which summarise the
data acquired and archived by the International Data
Centre, the products of the International Data Centre,
and the performance and operational status of the
International Monitoring System and International Data
Centre; and
(d) Extracts or subsets of the standard
International Data Centre products specified in sub-
paragraphs (a) to (c), selected according to the
request of an individual State Party.
19. The International Data Centre shall carry out,
at no cost to States Parties, special studies to
provide in-depth, technical review by expert analysis
of data from the International Monitoring System, if
requested by the Organization or by a State Party, to
improve the estimated values for the standard signal
and event parameters.
International Data Centre Services to States Parties
20. The International Data Centre shall provide
States Parties with open, equal, timely and convenient
access to all International Monitoring System data,
raw or processed, all International Data Centre
products, and all other International Monitoring
System data in the archive of the International Data
Centre or, through the International Data Centre, of
International Monitoring System facilities. The
methods for supporting data access and the provision
of data shall include the following services:
(a) Automatic and regular forwarding to a
State Party of the products of the International Data
Centre or the selection by the State Party thereof,
and, as requested, the selection by the State Party of
International Monitoring System data;
(b) The provision of the data or products
generated in response to ad hoc requests by States
Parties for the retrieval from the International Data
Centre and International Monitoring System facility
archives of data and products, including interactive
electronic access to the International Data Centre
data base; and
(c) Assisting individual States Parties, at
their request and at no cost for reasonable efforts,
with expert technical analysis of International
Monitoring System data and other relevant data
provided by the requesting State Party, in order to
help the State Party concerned to identify the source
of specific events. The output of any such technical
analysis shall be considered a product of the
requesting State Party, but shall be available to all
States Parties.
The International Data Centre services specified in
sub-paragraphs (a) and (b) shall be made available at
no cost to each State Party. The volumes and formats
of data shall be set out in the Operational Manual for
the International Data Centre.
National Event Screening
21. The International Data Centre shall, if
requested by a State Party, apply to any of its
standard products, on a regular and automatic basis,
national event screening criteria established by that
State Party, and provide the results of such analysis
to that State Party. This service shall be undertaken
at no cost to the requesting State Party. The output
of such national event screening processes shall be
considered a product of the requesting State Party.
Technical Assistance
22. The International Data Centre shall, where
required, provide technical assistance to individual
States Parties:
(a) In formulating their requirements for
selection and screening of data and products;
(b) By installing at the International Data
Centre, at no cost to a requesting State Party for
reasonable efforts, computer algorithms or software
provided by that State Party to compute new signal and
event parameters that are not included in the
Operational Manual for the International Data Centre,
the output being considered products of the requesting
State Party; and
(c) By assisting States Parties to develop the
capability to receive, process and analyse
International Monitoring System data at a national
data centre.
23. The International Data Centre shall continuously
monitor and report on the operational status of the
International Monitoring System facilities, of
communications links, and of its own processing
systems. It shall provide immediate notification to
those responsible should the operational performance
of any component fail to meet agreed levels set out in
the relevant operational manual.
PART II
ON-SITE INSPECTIONS
A. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1. The procedures in this Part shall be implemented
pursuant to the provisions for on-site inspections set
out in Article IV.
2. The on-site inspection shall be carried out in
the area where the event that triggered the on-site
inspection request occurred.
3. The area of an on-site inspection shall be
continuous and its size shall not exceed 1000 square
kilometres. There shall be no linear distance greater
than 50 kilometres in any direction.
4. The duration of an on-site inspection shall not
exceed 60 days from the date of the approval of the
on-site inspection request in accordance with Article
IV, paragraph 46, but may be extended by a maximum of
70 days in accordance with Article IV, paragraph 49.
5. If the inspection area specified in the
inspection mandate extends to the territory or other
place under the jurisdiction or control of more than
one State Party, the provisions on on-site inspections
shall, as appropriate, apply to each of the States
Parties to which the inspection area extends.
6. In cases where the inspection area is under the
jurisdiction or control of the inspected State Party
but is located on the territory of another State Party
or where the access from the point of entry to the
inspection area requires transit through the territory
of a State Party other than the inspected State Party,
the inspected State Party shall exercise the rights
and fulfil the obligations concerning such inspections
in accordance with this Protocol. In such a case, the
State Party on whose territory the inspection area is
located shall facilitate the inspection and shall
provide for the necessary support to enable the
inspection team to carry out its tasks in a timely and
effective manner. States Parties through whose
territory transit is required to reach the inspection
area shall facilitate such transit.
7. In cases where the inspection area is under the
jurisdiction or control of the inspected State Party
but is located on the territory of a State not Party
to this Treaty, the inspected State Party shall take
all necessary measures to ensure that the inspection
can be carried out in accordance with this Protocol.
A State Party that has under its jurisdiction or
control one or more areas on the territory of a State
not Party to this Treaty shall take all necessary
measures to ensure acceptance by the State on whose
territory the inspection area is located of inspectors
and inspection assistants designated to that State
Party. If an inspected State Party is unable to
ensure access, it shall demonstrate that it took all
necessary measures to ensure access.
8. In cases where the inspection area is located on
the territory of a State Party but is under the
jurisdiction or control of a State not Party to this
Treaty, the State Party shall take all necessary
measures required of an inspected State Party and a
State Party on whose territory the inspection area is
located, without prejudice to the rules and practices
of international law, to ensure that the on-site
inspection can be carried out in accordance with this
Protocol. If the State Party is unable to ensure
access to the inspection area, it shall demonstrate
that it took all necessary measures to ensure access,
without prejudice to the rules and practices of
international law.
9. The size of the inspection team shall be kept to
the minimum necessary for the proper fulfilment of the
inspection mandate. The total number of members of
the inspection team present on the territory of the
inspected State Party at any given time, except during
the conduct of drilling, shall not exceed 40 persons.
No national of the requesting State Party or the
inspected State Party shall be a member of the
inspection team.
10. The Director-General shall determine the size of
the inspection team and select its members from the
list of inspectors and inspection assistants, taking
into account the circumstances of a particular
request.
11. The inspected State Party shall provide for or
arrange the amenities necessary for the inspection
team, such as communication means, interpretation
services, transportation, working space, lodging,
meals, and medical care.
12. The inspected State Party shall be reimbursed by
the Organization, in a reasonably short period of time
after conclusion of the inspection, for all expenses,
including those mentioned in paragraphs 11 and 49,
related to the stay and functional activities of the
inspection team on the territory of the inspected
State Party.
13. Procedures for the implementation of on-site
inspections shall be detailed in the Operational
Manual for On-Site Inspections.
B. STANDING ARRANGEMENTS
Designation of Inspectors and Inspection Assistants
14. An inspection team may consist of inspectors and
inspection assistants. An on-site inspection shall
only be carried out by qualified inspectors specially
designated for this function. They may be assisted by
specially designated inspection assistants, such as
technical and administrative personnel, aircrew and
interpreters.
15. Inspectors and inspection assistants shall be
nominated for designation by the States Parties or, in
the case of staff of the Technical Secretariat, by the
Director-General, on the basis of their expertise and
experience relevant to the purpose and functions of
on-site inspections. The nominees shall be approved in
advance by the States Parties in accordance with
paragraph 18.
16. Each State Party, no later than 30 days after
the entry into force of this Treaty for it, shall
notify the Director-General of the names, dates of
birth, sex, ranks, qualifications and professional
experience of the persons proposed by the State Party
for designation as inspectors and inspection
assistants.
17. No later than 60 days after the entry into force
of this Treaty, the Technical Secretariat shall
communicate in writing to all States Parties an
initial list of the names, nationalities, dates of
birth, sex and ranks of the inspectors and inspection
assistants proposed for designation by the Director-
General and the States Parties, as well as a
description of their qualifications and professional
experience.
18. Each State Party shall immediately acknowledge
receipt of the initial list of inspectors and
inspection assistants proposed for designation. Any
inspector or inspection assistant included in this
list shall be regarded as accepted unless a State
Party, no later than 30 days after acknowledgment of
receipt of the list, declares its non-acceptance in
writing. The State Party may include the reason for
the objection. In the case of non-acceptance, the
proposed inspector or inspection assistant shall not
undertake or participate in on-site inspection
activities on the territory or in any other place
under the jurisdiction or control of the State Party
that has declared its non-acceptance. The Technical
Secretariat shall immediately confirm receipt of the
notification of objection.
19. Whenever additions or changes to the list of
inspectors and inspection assistants are proposed by
the Director-General or a State Party, replacement
inspectors and inspection assistants shall be
designated in the same manner as set forth with
respect to the initial list. Each State Party shall
promptly notify the Technical Secretariat if an
inspector or inspection assistant nominated by it can
no longer fulfil the duties of an inspector or
inspection assistant.
20. The Technical Secretariat shall keep the list of
inspectors and inspection assistants up to date and
notify all States Parties of any additions or changes
to the list.
21. A State Party requesting an on-site inspection
may propose that an inspector from the list of
inspectors and inspection assistants serve as its
observer in accordance with Article IV, paragraph 61.
22. Subject to paragraph 23, a State Party shall
have the right at any time to object to an inspector
or inspection assistant who has already been accepted.
It shall notify the Technical Secretariat of its
objection in writing and may include the reason for
the objection. Such objection shall come into effect
30 days after receipt of the notification by the
Technical Secretariat. The Technical Secretariat
shall immediately confirm receipt of the notification
of the objection and inform the objecting and
nominating States Parties of the date on which the
inspector or inspection assistant shall cease to be
designated for that State Party.
23. A State Party that has been notified of an
inspection shall not seek the removal from the
inspection team of any of the inspectors or inspection
assistants named in the inspection mandate.
24. The number of inspectors and inspection
assistants accepted by a State Party must be
sufficient to allow for availability of appropriate
numbers of inspectors and inspection assistants. If,
in the opinion of the Director-General, the
non-acceptance by a State Party of proposed inspectors
or inspection assistants impedes the designation of a
sufficient number of inspectors and inspection
assistants or otherwise hampers the effective
fulfilment of the purposes of an on-site inspection,
the Director-General shall refer the issue to the
Executive Council.
25. Each inspector included in the list of
inspectors and inspection assistants shall receive
relevant training. Such training shall be provided by
the Technical Secretariat pursuant to the procedures
specified in the Operational Manual for On-Site
Inspections. The Technical Secretariat shall co-
ordinate, in agreement with the States Parties, a
schedule of training for the inspectors.