The chart includes the common name and scientific name, status as native or exotic to the United States, the number of trees of that species planted in Lafayette Park, and where the tree is naturally found.

COMMON NAME	SCIENTIFIC NAME	STATUS	NUMBER	RANGE
Nordmann Fir	Abies nordmanniana	Exotic	1	Europe
Hedge maple	Acer campestre	Exotic	2	Europe, Western Asia
Sugar maple	Acer saccharum	Native	6	Northeastern U.S., Canada
Horse chestnut, sp	Aesculus flava		2
Horse chestnut	Aesculus hippocastanum	Exotic	3	Europe (Balkans)
Common boxwood	Buxus sempervirens	Exotic	1	Europe, Africa, Asia (Mediterranean)
American yellowwood	Cladrastas lutea	Native	4	Southeastern U.S.
Japanese dogwood	Cornus kousa	Exotic	3	Japan, Korea, China
American beech	Fagus grandifolia	Native	5	Eastern North America
White ash	Fraxinus americana	Native	1	Eastern U.S., Canada
Ash, sp	Fraxinus chinensis		2
Ginkgo	Gingko biloba	Exotic	13	Eastern China
Kentucky coffee tree	Gymnocladus dioica	Native	2	Central U.S.
Eastern black walnut	Juglans nigra	Native	5	Eastern U.S.
Southern magnolia	Magnolia grandiflora	Native	2	Southeastern U.S.
Saucer magnolia	Magnolia x soulangiana	Exotic	35	hybrid, China
Japanese flowering	Malus floribunda	Exotic	1	Japan crabapple
Hop hornbeam, ironwood	Ostrya virginiana	Native	1	Eastern North America
Sycamore	Platanua occidentalis	Native	3	Eastern U.S.
Empress tree	Paulownia tomentosa	Exotic	1	China
Sawtooth oak	Quercus accutisima	Exotic	5	China,Japan, Korea
White oak	Quercus alba	Native	1	Eastern U.S.
Scarlet oak	Quercus coccinea	Native	1	Southeastern U.S.
Water oak	Quercus nigra	Native	2	Southeastern U.S.
Pin oak	Quercus palustris	Native	4	Eastern,Central U.S.
Willow oak	Quercus phellos	Native	62	Eastern,Central U.S.
Northern red oak	Quercus rubra	Native	5	Eastern, Southeastern U.S.
Japanese pagoda tree	Sophora japonica	Exotic	6	Japan, China, Korea
Bald cypress	Taxodium distichum	Native	4	Southeastern U.S.
English yew	Taxus baccata	Exotic	1	Europe
Basswood	Tilia americana	Native	2	Northeastern, Central U.S.
Littleleaf linden	Tilia cordata	Exotic	2	Europe
Bigleaf linden	Tilia platyphyllos	Exotic	1	Europe
American elm	Ulmus americana	Native	17	Eastern North America
Smooth-leaved elm	Ulmus carpinifolia	Exotic	3	Europe
Scotch (Wych) elm	Ulmus glabra	Exotic	1	Europe
English elm	Ulmus procera	Exotic	1	Europe
Japanese zelkova	Zelkova serrata	Exotic	1	Japan

ROOT PRUNING

Equipment: Equipment shall be specifically designed for root pruning. The cutter wheel shall be capable of slicing large root systems fast and clean so as to not tear roots. The following equipment will be considered acceptable for root pruning:

For cutting large surface or subsurface roots—a reciprocating saw or an approved equal.

B. For depths up to 24"—a Burkeen vibratory plow (model B-30) or an approved equal.

C. For depths of 24" to 36"—a Vermeer trencher (model 1850) or an approved equal.

Execution:

A. All root pruning shall be conducted under favorable weather, as determined by the contracting officer's representative (COR).

B. Root prune to the specified depth; roots too large to be cut with the vibratory plow shall be excavated and cut by hand using a reciprocating saw.

C. After the root pruning has been completed, backfill the top 3' to no more than 85% density.

D. Remove all debris and excess excavate from the site.

AERATION

Equipment:

A; Generators shall be 5,000 watts, with a minimum of 40 amps, to simultaneously operate two drills or approved equal.

B. Drills shall be electric 3/4" chuck size capable of drilling 3" holes into soil using 3" augers.

C. Augers shall be 3"

Materials:

A. Lightweight aggregate shall be Solite 3/8-8 as manufactured by Solite Corp., 2508 Chamberlayne Avenue, Richmond, VA., or an approved equal. Lightweight aggregate shall be expanded shale, clay, or slate expanded by the rotary kiln process. The aggregate shall meet the requirements of the American Society of Testing Materials C331-81 and C333-80. A sample of the aggregate shall be submitted to the COR for approval prior to delivery

B. Lightweight aggregate shall be pre-bagged and delivered in 1.0 cubic foot, unopened waterproof bags.

Execution:

A. All aeration shall be conducted during the time frames identified on the delivery orders and only during favorable weather as determined by the COR. Aeration treatments shall only be applied to moist soils, and no aeration treatments shall take place when the soil is dry or excessively wet.

B. Trees to be aerated and fertilized shall have the treatment for aeration described herein completed and accepted by the COR's designated representative before any fertilizer applications begin.

C. All holes shall be drilled using a soil auger and shall encompass a square or rectangular area beginning no closer than 5' from the trunk, outward 3' to 9' beyond the drip line. Holes should be 3" in diameter, 18" deep, spaced 3' apart, slanted inward toward the trunk, and backfilled with lightweight aggregate.

D. If the area beneath the spread of the branches is restricted, reduce the aeration in proportion to the number of holes that cannot be made. Aeration treatments shall not be duplicated where bands of adjacent trees overlap.

E. All treated areas shall be raked or dragged at the end of each day to evenly spread excess excavate.

F. At the conclusion of each work day the contractor shall submit all empty Solite bags to the COR's designated representative so that the quantities can be verified.

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RECOMMENDATION

Based on the documentary research and site reconnaissance of the Lafayette Park lodge, President's Park, Washington, D.C., by Harlan D. Unrau, historian, the National Park Service concludes that this property does not meet the standards or criteria for significance and integrity necessary for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. Therefore, it is not eligible for listing on the national register. This evaluation is based on the application of national register criteria A, B. C, and D, as outlined in the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's procedures at 36 CFR 800 and described in the National Register Bulletin 15: How to Apply the National Register Criteria of Evaluation and National Register Bulletin 16: Guidelines for Completing National Register of Historic Places Forms: Part A, How to Complete the National Register Nomination Form.

ANALYSIS

Significance

To be determined eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places, districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects must possess integrity under the following criteria:

Criterion A—The site must be associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history.

Criterion B—The site must be associated with the lives of persons significant in our past.

Criterion C—The site must embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction.

Criterion D—The site must have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history

The following analysis shows that the lodge structure does not meet any of these criteria:

Criterion A—The Lafayette Park Lodge is located within the boundaries of Lafayette Square Historic District (also designated a national historic landmark), which was listed on the national register on August 29, 1970, qualifying under both criteria A and C. However, this simple, utilitarian structure, constructed to provide space for park watchmen and workmen as well as public restrooms, is not associated with the nationally significant historical events or patterns of activity that qualifies the district for listing on the national register under criterion A and thus does not constitute a contributing element to the historic district's historical significance. While the "National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form" for the district discusses various buildings that contribute to the historic significance of the district, it does not mention the structure.

According to National Register Bulletin No. 15, "mere association with historic events or trends is not enough, in and of itself, to qualify under Criterion A"; the property's "specific association must be considered important as well. For example, a building historically in commercial use must be shown to have been significant in commercial history." Because the lodge building is not specifically associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of U. S. history, and because it is not associated with the nationally significant historical events or patterns of activity that qualify the Lafayette Square Historic District for listing on the national register, the lodge fails to meet the standards for significance for listing under criterion A.

Criterion B—The design and construction of the Lafayette Park lodge in 1913-14 was associated with Horace W. Peaslee, a prominent Washington, D.C., area architect. However, National Register Bulletin No. 15 states that properties "eligible under Criterion B are usually those associated with a person's productive life, reflecting the time period when he or she achieved significance." Properties "that pre- or post-date an individual's significant accomplishments are usually not eligible.... Each property associated with an important individual should be compared to other associated properties to identify those that best represent the person's historic contributions." The "best representatives usually are properties associated with the person's adult or productive life." Properties "associated with an individual's formative or later years may also qualify if it can be demonstrated that the person's activities during this period were historically significant or if no properties from the person's productive years survive."

Peaslee prepared the construction plans and drawings for the Lafayette Park lodge soon after he graduated from Cornell University and took up employment with the Office of Public Buildings and Grounds in Washington, D.C. However, he did not become a prominent architect in the Washington area until establishing his private architectural practice during the early 1920s. The productive period of his professional architectural career spanned the period from the early 1920s to the late 1950s. Moreover, when compared with the other historic buildings, structures, and monuments designed by Peaslee, the lodge is one of the least significant and representative structures associated with his contributions in architecture and landscape architecture. For instance, six buildings, structures, and monuments with which Peaslee was associated for design, construction, rehabilitation, or restoration purposes are listed on the national register: (1) Meridian Hill Park; (2) Dumbarton Oaks Park; (3) Cosmos Club; (4) Christ Church, Washington Parish; (5) St. John's Church (also designated a national historic landmark); and (6) Eisenhower National Historic Site (also designated a national historic landmark). Additionally, the Lafayette Park lodge was constructed before Peaslee's productive years, and numerous historically significant buildings, structures, monuments, and designed landscapes (as aforementioned) associated with his productive life remain extant in the Washington, D.C., and Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, areas. Thus, the lodge fails to meet the national register standards for significance under criterion B.

Criterion C—Criterion C applies to properties significant for their physical design or construction, including such elements as architecture, landscape architecture, engineering, and artwork. To be eligible under criterion C, a property must meet at least one of the requirements previously noted.

As previously mentioned, the Lafayette Park lodge is located within the boundaries of the Lafayette Square Historic District, which qualifies it in part for listing on the national register under criterion C. However, the "National Register of Historic Places Inventory— Nomination Form," while discussing various buildings that contribute to the architectural significance of the district, does not mention the structure. Moreover, the form discusses the significance of the design and layout of the park as a designed landscape, but it does not mention the lodge in terms of its contribution to the park's landscape architecture.

The lodge is the only extant structure of the four park lodges constructed in 1913-14. However, the building, which was designed and constructed as a relatively simple, inconspicuous, utilitarian structure to provide facilities to meet park management and visitor needs, fails to meet the standards for listing on the national register under criterion C because it does not ( 1) embody distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction; (2) represent the work of a master; (3) possess high artistic value; or (4) represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction.

Criterion D—The Lafayette Park lodge has not yielded, nor is it likely to yield, information · important to our understanding of human history or prehistory. When the lodge was constructed in 1913-14, the former lodge building, constructed on the same site in 1872, was razed, including its foundations to a grade 2' belong ground level. This effort, as well as the original grading, design, and development of Lafayette Park and several subsequent park rehabilitation projects, has largely decimated any archeological research potential that the site may have once possessed. Thus, the lodge fails to meet the national register standards for significance under criterion D.

Integrity

To be listed on the national register according to National Register Bulletin 15, a property "must not only be shown to be significant under the National Register criteria, but it also must have integrity." According to National Register Bulletin 16, part A, integrity is defined as the "authenticity of a property's historic identity, evidenced by the survival of physical characteristics that existed during the property's historic or prehistoric period." To determine whether historic properties retain integrity and address the question of whether they possess physical features that convey their significance, seven aspects or qualities are recognized that, in various combinations, define integrity. The seven aspects include: location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association. To retain historic integrity, a property "will always possess several, and usually most, of the aspects" (National Register Bulletin 15).

Although the Lafayette Park lodge retains the aspects of location and setting, it does not possess a high degree of design, materials, workmanship, feeling, or association. The structure has been renovated or rehabilitated several times, and even though the general features of its configuration and size have been retained, its exterior has been rehabilitated and its interior plumbing facilities and office space, as well as its storage space, have been remodeled and rearranged on several occasions. Despite the various rehabilitation efforts, the lodge is currently closed by order of the U.S. Public Health Service because it poses a public health hazard. Even though the structure remains in generally "fair" condition, it exhibits significant structural problems. Thus, the lodge building does not retain sufficient integrity for listing on the national register.

EDAW, Inc., Land and Community Associates, Cynthia Zaitzevsky Associates, John Milner Associates

1995 "President's Park Cultural Landscape Report: Site History, Existing Conditions, Analysis, and Evaluation." Prepared for the National Park Service. (Copy on file at the Denver Service Center.)

Freidel, Frank, and William Pencak, eds.

1994 The White House: The First Two Hundred Years. Boston: Northeastem University Press.

Garrett, Wendell, ed.

1995 Our Changing White House. Boston: Northeastern University Press.

General Services Administration, Department of Defense, Department of Housing and Urban Development, U.S. Postal Service

1984 Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards. Washington, D.C.

Gutheim, Frederick

1977 Worthy of the Nation: The History of Planning for the National Capital. Prepared for the National Capital Planning Commission. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.

National Capital Planning Commission

1983 Comprehensive Plan for the National Capital: Federal Elements. Amended. Washington, D.C.

1984 Comprehensive Plan for the National Capital: District of Columbia Elements. Amended. Washington, DC.

1997 Extending the Legacy: Planning America's Capital for the 21st Century. Washington, DC.

National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior

1985 Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archeology and Historic Preservation. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

1995 "Archeological Evaluation Report, President's Park, Washington, D.C.," by John F. Pousson and Christine Hoepfner, Eastern Applied Archeology Center.

1996a "Draft Administrative History, The White House, President's Park, Washington, D. C., by William Patrick O'Brien. Denver Service Center.

1996b Environmental Assessment for the Long-Term Design, Pennsylvania Avenue at the White House, President's Park, Washington, D.C. Denver Service Center.

1997a Design Guidelines: The White House and President's Park. Denver Service Center.

1997b Environmental Assessment, Southside Barrier Replacement, Sherman Park/First Division Monument, President's Park Washington, D.C. Denver Service Center.

Peale, T. R.

1873 Prehistoric Remains Found in the Vicinity of the City of Washington, D.C. Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Reps, John W.

1991 Washington on View: The Nation's Capital Since 1790. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Seale, William.

1986 The President's House. 2 vole. Washington, D.C.: White House Historical Association, with cooperation of the National Geographic Society.

1992 The White House, The History of an American Idea. Washington, D.C.: The American Institute of Architects Press in association with the White House Historical Association.

White House Liaison, President's Park
Tom Barna, Civil Engineer
Bob Humphreys, Civil/Structural Engineer
James I. McDaniel, Director, White House Liaison
Tom Peyton, Park Manager, President's Park
Ann Bowman Smith, Assistant Director for Project Development
Michael Summerlin, Assistant Director for Design and Construction

Denver Service Center
Craig Cellar, Archeologist, Cultural Resource Compliance
Elizabeth Janes, Project Manager
Pat O'Brien, Quality Leader/Cultural Resources
Mark Pritchett, Landscape Architect
Greg Sorensen, Quality Leader/Editing
Susan Spain, Landscape Architect, Job Captain
Marlen Steward, Landscape Architect (Visual Simulation)
Howie Thompson, Natural Resource Specialist
Harlan Unrau, Historian, Cultural Resource Specialist