K. GATHERING FEATURES

Each Rainbow gathering is different, but there are some features common to all gatherings. These features at the 1992 gathering at Overland Reservoir are described below. Features are identified on the map in Figure 2.

WELCOME CENTER - The Welcome Center was located at the intersection of the Overland Reservoir access road (PER 705) and Stevens Gulch Road (FDR 701). During the gathering, Rainbow family members would direct people to outlying parking areas, and attempted to restrict traffic on FDR 705 to live-in vehicles traveling to Bus Village and vehicles bringing in supplies.

FRONT GATE - The Front Gate was located near the Overland Reservoir dam, at the terminus of FDR 705. This was where the shuttle deposited its riders. New arrivals were "welcomed home' by other Rainbow Family members, and given information about the gathering and the location. Everyone had to pass through the Front Gate to get to the main camp.

INFORMATION CENTER - The Information Center, located near the Front Gate, was manned by family members who answered questions and gave directions. Information was posted on a easel-like structure constructed of tall ( 10-12') poles lashed together. Information on sanitation, camping, personal hygiene, scheduled events, Forest Service and Health Department fliers, and messages to/from gathering participants were displayed at this colorful location. General information was also available at CALM tents (see discussion below).

BUS VILLAGE - Bus Village and the adjacent Van Village were parking/camping areas for self contained and live-in vehicles. These areas were located just east of the Overland Reservoir spillway

Figure 2: Gathering Features/MAP

and encompassed approximately 30-40 acres. At the peak of the gathering, 846 vehicles were parked here.

Originally, Van Village was within an area closed to camping This site was adjacent to Bus Village and the Rainbows did not want to move. Because Van Village was so similar to Bus Village and there was no desire to impact another area, an amendment to Closure Order #04-92 rescinding the camping closure in this area was approved before the main gathering influx.

There was a major health concern over sanitation problems that occurred at Bus Village and Van Village Both areas were located on compacted gravel benches (a result of reservoir construction' with poor drainage. The large concentration of people (approximately 4200) in this area required that 21 latrines be constructed - which did not occur. Latrines that were constructed were not dug at flagged locations and some were too near open water. In addition, many people did not use the latrines and a large amount of surface deposition occurred along the edges and within the two villages. There were also concerns about lack of dumping facilities for self-contained vehicles.

MAIN MEADOW - The main meadow is the center of the gathering, where councils, communal meals and the peace vigil on July 4th, is held. Elk Park, approximately 1/2 mile west of Overland Reservoir was the main meadow for the 1992 gathering. Trails leading to camps and kitchens surrounding the meadow converged at the main circle.

KITCHENS - Thirty-five kitchens were in operation during the gathering. These areas served as social centers and were operated by volunteers. Somike popcorn, donuts, waffles and tea. Others prepared a variety of food.

Kitchens were distributed throughout the gathering area. Kitchens were open air structures built from dead and down logs and poles found on site. Large, usually blue, tarps covered these structures to protect the area from wet weather. Cooking was usually done over open fires in large rock lined pits. A few kitchens had ovens made out of 55 gallon drums which were set in rock and mud walls.

Sanitation was a major concern to the Rainbow Family, the Forest Service, and the State of Colorado and Delta County Health Departments. Health Department officials routinely visited kitchens to make sure minimum health standards were being met in food storage, preparation and serving. Most kitchens had a three-bucket dish washing system (hot soapy water, hot clear rinse, lukewarm chlorine rinse and hand washing station. Informative signing was posted to encourage proper use. Compost pits, gray water pits and recycling centers were also present at most kitchens. Large pots of boiling water were usually present, to provide safe water for cooking, cleaning and drinking.

Food was prepared and available at the kitchens during much of the day. A communal dinner was usually held each day at the main circle in Elk Park. Food was transported from the kitchens and served at the main circle.

FOOD - Little perishable food stuffs were used at the gathering with the exception of fresh fruits and vegetables. Staple food items included beans, lentils, rice and potatoes. Most food was purchased with common funds and stored at a common supply area, where the family had some control. Kitchens received a daily allotment of food. If there were sanitation concerns in a given kitchen, they would not receive their food until the situation was corrected.

Many Rainbow members are vegetarians, however the Colorado Division of Wildlife detained one family member who was caught fishing with 40 fish over the limit in his possession. The fisherman stated he had been doing the same for several days. Four other individuals were also cited for fishing without a license. Wildlife officers also know of a road killed deer and a road killed porcupine that were taken into the gathering.

CAMPS-Camps varied from single tents, tipis or lean-tos, to small clusters scattered throughout the area surrounding Elk Park Many camps were formed by groups with common interests or beliefs Sisters' Camp, Faire Camp, Krishna Camp', or from common geographical areas (New England Regional Family [NERF Camp). Some camps were identified with banners and entrance gates

"A" Camp - Alcohol consumption is not condoned by the Rainbow Family and is discouraged within the main gathering . "A" Camp is usually set up outside the main gathering as a camp where people gather to drink. This camp is usually established along the access route to the main gathering, as was the case at this year s gathering. "A" Camp was located halfway between the intersection of FDR, 01 and, 05 and Overland Reservoir.

This camp has been a problem at past gatherings, because of its location. "A" campers would panhandle, extort money and confiscate liquor from people entering the gathering. "A" campers also harass curiosity seekers, law enforcement officers and other Forest Service personnel, which may be an ulterior motive for its location.

At this year's gathering, ."A" Camp disbanded around June 21. There was apparently problems with establishing a kitchen and campers had to commute to the Front Gate to eat. Lack of food and possibly law enforcement pressure caused "A" campers to move into the gathering. Many moved to a camp called No Name, located near the Front Gate. Some panhandling continued to be a problem in this area.

Several "A" campers also moved into a house in Paonia, the week of July 4th, and stayed there several weeks. Forest Service law enforcement officers assisted local police on several incidents of drunken/rowdy behavior at a local auction house and city park caused by "A" campers.

KIDDIE: VILLAGE - Each gathering has a Kiddie Village, specially designed for children. This is the day care center of the gathering, where parents could leave their children to attend workshops and councils. Volunteers, usually parents, watch the children, play games, read stories, and help with arts and crafts. Kiddie Village usually has it's own kitchen and latrine facilities.

PETS - Rainbow literature discourages bringing pets to gatherings; however, many gathering participants chose to ignore this request. Exact counts were not possible, but an estimated 4500 dogs were present, along with cats, several birds, lizards, two llamas and one goat. The goat was eaten during the gathering.

There were concerns about dogs chasing wildlife during the gathering and potential problems with abandoned animals after the gathering. Wildlife officers observed one dog chasing elk during the gathering. No dogs have been reported in the area since the Rainbow Family left.

Many dogs roamed freely around the gathering, with occasional fights occurring. There were no reports of dogs biting humans. Gathering participants commented to health department personnel that dogs are an increasing problem at gatherings.

BARTER AREA - The gathering is advertised as being non-commercial, where nothing should be sold. Many individuals offered wares for trade, ranging from tie-died clothes, leather crafts and jewelry, to feathers, rocks, shells and bundles of sage brush. Marijuana and drug paraphernalia was also openly bartered. The barter area at the 1992 gathering was along the main path between the front gate and the main meadow.

L. RAINBOW FUNDS

The Rainbow Family collects money donated by Family members and other supporters before and during the gathering. This money is recorded and kept in a Family 'bank". Funds are used to provide Family needs.

Rainbow Gathering 1992

Family needs, like: food. supplies, medical bills, bail, and rehabilitation materials. When funds are immediately needed, the magic hat" is passed to raise the required amount.

During the 1992 gathering at Overland Reservoir, several situations arose where Family funds were not always adequate, or forthcoming as promised. The North Fork Baptist Church donated 13 shovels to the Rainbow Family so they could dig latrines. A County Health Department employee provided the Family with 50 5-gallon buckets and 150 lb.. of sanitation lime, purchased out of his own pocket. Family members receiving medical attention at Delta County Removal Hospital resulted in billstotaling$10,900 after insurance coverage. The family said it only felt responsible for those patients referred by CALM ( 15 of 43) and paid $300. which did not even cover the referred patient bills. A promise of more money at a later date has not been fulfilled. CALM had informed the North Fork Ambulance Serene they would pay operating expenses on all Family authorized emergency services, however they only paid 2~'3 of these costs and felt no obligation for the remaining 531.50. The Forest Service identified the need for 1000 pounds of seed mix for reseeding disturbed sites - the Family only purchased 200 pounds.

M. GATHERING INCIDENTS

The major confrontational incident of the 1992 Rainbow Tribal Family of Living Light Work Peace and Waling Gathering was the parking at Mule Park, described in section E. PARKING.

RUMORS - Rumors were a major problem throughout the gathering period, causing much public concern. Things like hundreds of abandoned vehicles along all access routes, poaching and over fishing, and worse, never materialized. The Public Affairs efforts to distribute daily updates to the media and area residents, and the weekly public meetings did much to reduce the local level of fear and anger and to diminish the misinformation.

WATER - All the water in the Overland Reservoir area belongs to the Overland Reservoir Ditch Shareholders. When the Rainbow Family began moving into the area, the Shareholders were extremely concerned about both water quality and water quantity. The Forest Service hydrologist determined that the total consumptive use by the Rainbow Family during the gathering would be approximately 1.4 acres. To quell the outcry over water theft, the Ditch Company president, Pete Kasper agreed to donate his water shares to the Family. The Family passed the magic hat and paid $300, with a promise of more later.

The water quality issue was addressed by establishing eight monitoring stations, where water samples were taken daily from June 17 to July 30. Discrepancies in lab technique resulted in conflicting data early on. Once the lab technique problem was corrected, all data revealed that the water quality of Overland Reservoir and surrounding tributaries was not impacted by the gathering.

BIRTHS - Three births occurred during the Rainbow gathering.

DEATHS - Two deaths, a married couple, were discovered in Bus Village on July 6. Autopsies determined the couple died of overdoses of the prescription drug Soma - a muscle relaxant. There was no evidence of foul play. There was also no indication whether the deaths were intentional or accidental.

ASSAULTS - Two assaults (one sexual) against women were reported during the gathering. A suspended assailant in one of the cases was apprehended by Shanti Sena, but later escaped. Suspects in both cases were never caught.

After the majority of gatherers returned home, the Delta County Sheriff’s Office received reports of three more sexual assaults against women at the gathering. The Sheriff's office is continuing to investigate the assaults.

TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS - Traffic violations were issued by Forest Service. Delta County Sheriff and Colorado State Patrol officers. Forest Service enforced 36 CFR 261.50(a) and ( b) concerning careless and reckless arising under Special Closure Order #03-92 and parking violations under Special Closure Orders #04-92, #05-92 and #06-99. County Sheriff and Colorado State Patrol officers enforced county and state ordinances. During the period the Rainbow Family was in the area. the following violations were issued to family members:

AgencyViolation NoticesWritten WarningsTowed VehiclesUnclaimed
Forest Service6167*172
Delta County Sheriff26040
Colorado State Patrol223043

Three stolen vehicles were recovered from the towed vehicles.

*(estimated 300 verbal warnings)

RESOURCE VIOLATIONS - Forest Service officers also enforced resource protection codes. One violation notice and 12 written warnings were issued for acts like driving into a wet meadow, littering, defacing government property, and pyrotechnic devices.

WILDLIFE VIOLATIONS - Colorado Division of Wildlife officers issued five written violations for fishing without a license. One arrest was made, three fines were collected in the field and one ticket for later payment was issued. Payment has not been made and a warrant has been issued. Twenty-four fisherman contacts were made during the gathering - twelve with Rainbow Family members. The rate of violations to Rainbow contacts was almost 50%. Normally, the rate of violations to fisherman contacts is only 1%.

CDOW personnel also seized feathers and talons on three occasions. All were associated with vehicle stops initiated by other law enforcement officers.

ARRESTS - A total of 43 Rainbow Family members were arrested during the gathering period (June 15 -July 15). The arrest breakdown follows:

Traffic Violations

Controlled Substance

Child Abuse

Theft

Disorderly/Harassment

Disorderly/Concealed Weapon

Motor Vehicle Theft

Wildlife Violation

Outstanding Warrants


18

11

1

1

1

1

3

1

6

For comparison, arrests made in Delta County in 1991 for the period of June 15 through July 15, totaled 81. In 1992, the total number of arrests for the same period was 125.

VANDALISM AT INCIDENT COMMAND POST - On two occasions unknown individuals visited the ICP late at night when only two dispatchers were present. On the first occasion they only rattled the doors; the second time a number of windows were broken. As a result, a security person had to be added to the team.

GAS SKIPS - Delta County Sheriff deputies investigated four reported gas skips. In three cases, suspects were returned to the gas station and payment was made.

DEFRAUDING INN KEEPER - The KOA Campground, in Delta reported several individuals used their facilities without paying. The responsible parties were found and payment was made.

DRUGS - County officials and residents were extremely concerned there would be an increase in drugs in the area resulting from the Rainbow Family’s presence. This fear has not been realized; however 178 hits of LSD were found in a public restroom in Paonia, during the gathering period.

MISSING PERSONS - The Delta County Sheriffs office received requests to locate and check the welfare of five individuals, during the gathering. Two of these people were found. The Colorado State Patrol reported three juvenile runaways were returned home. During the gathering, the Incident Command Post received numerous requests to find missing persons and to locate individuals at the gathering. The Sheriffs office continued to receive similar requests two months after the gathering.

"JAIL OR BAIL" - During the early stages of the gathering, the Forest Service used a procedure called "Jail or Bail", which was also used at the two previous Rainbow Family gatherings. This procedure allowed officers to collect collateral forfeiture on the spot or the violator could be taken into custody and taken before the Magistrate. The violator did not give up higher right to appear in court and contest a violation by paying the fine. Verbal approval for this procedure was given by the U.S. Magistrate and the Assistant U.S. Attorney, in early June. This procedure was deemed necessary due to the transient nature of many Family followers and served as an effective deterrent, particularly in the case of careless reckless driving.

In early July, Rainbow Family members complained of this procedure to the U.S. Attorney, prompting the U.S. Attorney to recommend this procedure be altered. Beginning July 2, the new procedure required a violation notice for an optional appearance be issued if the violator could present sufficient identification (driver's license, vehicle registration and proof of insurance in the same name as the driver). If adequate identification was not provided the violator could pay the fine or be detained, as before.

During the gathering(6/8 - 7/15), 52875 in collateral forfeiture was collected on 42 violation notices. An additional 25 violation notices with optional appearance were issued for a total of $1025. To date (9/18), 15 of these violation notices remain unpaid and warrants will be issued for the violators.

To compare the "Jail or Bail" procedure used by the Forest Service, to procedures used by other law enforcement agencies involved at the gathering:

- The Delta County jail has a capacity of 47. At the onset of the Rainbow gathering, 43 inmates were incarcerated. To reduce the potential impact to the local jail and reduce the cost of having to jail people in other facilities, the county opted to release violators

of non-violent crimes on Personal Recognizance Bonds in the amount of the associated fine.

- The Colorado Division of Wildlife operated under a procedure similar to the altered 'Jail or Ball" procedure. Fines u ere collected on site if no identification was presented violation notices were issued with adequate identification; suspects were taken into custody if fines were not paid The one ticket issued was not paid and a warrant has been issued.

- The Colorado State Patrol did not alter their ticketing procedures As of August 98 35 warrants had been issued for failure to appear in court.

WASHINGTON OFFICE STAFF VISIT - For the first time, Washington Office staff toured a Rainbow Family gathering site. Briar Beasley, Deputy Chief, visited with incident command team members to learn about gathering management and identified problems.

N. NEXT YEAR'S GATHERING LOCATION

At the Vision Council held on July, of this year's gathering, the Rainbow Family consensed to holding the 1993 gathering in Kentucky.

V. SOCIAL AND ECONOMICIMPACTS

The Rainbow Family gathering represented a doubling of Delta County’s population, and proved to be a cultural shock for many residents of this rural agricultural area.

Socially, the biggest issue w as the difference in personal values between Rainbow Family members and area residents. These differences frightened many, especially between the time when the communities first found out they were to be the location for the 1992 gathering and when family members began to arrive. Fear changed to anger, directed at both the Rainbow Family (for coming into the area uninvited) and the Forest Service (for letting them'. Not everyone shared these views, which resulted in divisiveness within local communities.

The large influx of people resulted in unusual lines at gas stations, convenience stores and grocery stores. Crowds congregated in downtown Paonia during the period before the main gathering. There were complaints of public urination, public nudity, panhandling and loitering. Similar complaints were reported in Delta and Hotchkiss.

The large law enforcement presence also had an impact on the local communities. Some complained about the numerous traffic stops, while others were grateful, feeling the presence deterred potential problems.

For the most part, the social impacts are with the Rainbow Family. One lingering impact is the feeling that the Forest Service applied a double standard to the Rainbow Family, by allowing them to gather without requiring a permit. Many people in the area are Forest users who are required to get permits for grazing, firewood, etc. They question whether it is appropriate to allow thousands of people to occupy an area of the National Forest without requiring some permit and remuneration for the impacts left behind.

Economically the gathering brought a brief economic boost to some local businesses. i.e. Natural Food Store, hardware store, grocery store. One local restaurant used Rainbow Power to build Improvements, in exchange for meals. Other businesses felt that local people stayed away from their business and towns because of the family members presence. Some businesses reported having to hire additional clerks and/or modify store hours, for security reasons, which may have had a greater economic cost. Sales tax revenues for Delta County were up for the gathering period.

As discussed in Chapter III, management costs for the 1992 Rainbow Family gathering were very high.

Colorado State Patrol

CO Div. of Wildlife

County Social Services

County Health Dept.

County Sheriff Dept.

County Hospital

Ambulance Service

Forest Service
-------------
TOTAL


$100,000.

13,000.

21,000.

25,000.

17,000.

10,900.

3,600.

483,000.
-------------
$573,500.

In addition to the monetary costs, there were costs associated with planned work that did not get done because managers and funds were redirected to the gathering.

VI - ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

One of the overall management objectives for the Rainbow Family gathering was to minimize any negative environmental impacts on the site. Through daily monitoring and contacts with Rainbow Family members; Forest Service, health department and CDOW personnel were able to achieve this objective. Only 27 acres of the approximately 2500 acres effected by the gathering were impacted as a result of concentrated use on these locations. Impacts on resources in other areas were minimal.

As described earlier, water quality was monitored on a daily basis during the gathering period. Samples were taken from eight locations in and around Overland Reservoir. Samples were tested (or fecal coliform, ammonia, nitrite and nitrate. Erroneous data early in the sample period (June 17 :16), showed fecal coliform results at high levels, which was inconsistent with all other test results. Testing procedures were corrected and samples from July 1 through July 30 revealed the gathering had essentially no impact on water quality in and around Overland Reservoir.

The Rainbow Family used five springs to supply water to kitchens and campsites, during the gathering. Minimal development consisted of some enlargement of natural basins and laying piper ,n open water at each source. All evidence of human alteration was removed when the Family cleaned up the site.

During the main gathering (July 1-7), there were problems with latrines not being constructed in locations flagged by Forest Service and health department officials, poor marking of latrine locations by the Rainbow Family, and nonuse of latrines by Family members in several locations. deposition was a health concern, especially in and around Bus Village. These problems were brought

to CALM's attention and partially corrected. There was no evidence of surface deposition and all but a few latrines in remote locations were covered after clean up.

Soil compaction occurred where human use was concentrated: major trails, kitchens, camps and Bus Village. Vegetation was worn away in these areas. In many places, root crowns were not disturbed and vegetation regrowth was occurring as early as August 15; especially in organic soils. I-'se in the areas with good natural regrowth will not be evident next year. Minimal disturbance occurred in outlying parking areas: crushed and broken vegetation. This disturbance did not significantly reduce forage production on these sites, and will also not be evident by next sear. One individual drove into a wet meadow and was cited for resource damage.

Initially, the CDO\\ expected fisheries in the Overland Reservoir to be heavily impacted. This did not occur, likely as a result of enforcement of fishing regulations and the limited number of Family members observed fishing. Impacts to terrestrial wildlife were minimal as well. Though the area surrounding Overland Reservoir provides good big game habitat, the majority of gathering participants did not venture into timbered areas, where the elk and deer stayed. There was some evidence small mammals were taken, but not in numbers that impacted existing populations.

- There was a reduction of dead and down fuels in the gathering area as a result of cooking and camp fires. Family members used trees and poles to construct kitchens and other facilities dune`, the gathering. Most of these materials w ere scattered when structures were dismantled after the gathering.

An archaeological surrey of the area prior to the main influx of people identified two historic notched log structures and one log worm fence. Family members were asked to avoid these areas and any other sites they may find. This was done and there were no impacts to archaeological sites.

Even though traffic was heavy on FDR roads . 01,, 00 and 265; most of the traffic consisted of light vehicles. Negligible damage to these roads resulted from gathering traffic.

VII - CLEAN UP AND SITE REHABILITATION

One of the management objectives of the 1992 gathering was to "Ensure that environmental safeguards are available during the gathering and the site is returned to a near natural condition.' To achieve this, rehabilitation needs were mapped during the gathering and a Rehabilitation Plan "Appendix C) was prepared and distributed to the Rainbow Family on July 6. Objectives for late rehabilitation and how they were achieved are discussed below

1. Physical evidence of man's presence will be removed from the site or rearranged to present a natural appearance.

This objective was fully met, all refuse and foreign materials were removed from the start, pits were filled, campsites were naturalized, latrines (with few exceptions) were covered, all structures, were dismantled, water lines were removed.

2. Areas of exposed mineral soil will be scarified/aerated, seeded and fertilized as necessary to insure revegetation within one growing season. Accomplishment of this objective will require that seeding tie completed prior to August 1st.

RECOMMENDATIONS AND STRATEGIES

A. FOREST SERVICE POLICY

The Rainbow gathering is an annual event on National Forest System lands. Certain resources are required for every gathering and should be committed annually. to eliminate shifting funds and human resources from other projects.

Lack of regulations requiring the Rainbow Family to get a special use permit was a major issue. The public felt the Forest Service was negligent in not enacting new regulations, and was using "double standards" for the Rainbow Family since most other publics need to obey numerous regulations. The Forest Service needs to enact new regulations concerning large group gatherings on National Forest system land. Requiring a special use permit would place accountability on the Family for compliance. increase Forest Service enforcement authority, require bonding to pay for damages, and cover most of the cost to administer the event.

Host Region/Forest needs to identify incident command team and begin coordination with state and local agencies as early as possible. Coordination at the State level can begin as soon as the Rainbow Family selects the state for their next gathering. Coordination at the local level will have to occur after final site selection unless available National Forest System lands limit the area that will be considered by the Rainbow Family. In this case, local coordination can begin at the same time as the state level coordination.

Legal advice from the OSD\ Office of General Council was not sought or received in any manner for the 1992 gathering. Legal questions need to be answered early (November; December .

The host Forest needs to identify potential safety hazards that would result from the anticipated traffic on Forest roads. Special closure orders prohibiting careless and reckless driving and cap and parking within specified areas need to be issued and enforced before the main gathering court Scheduled road maintenance may need to be accelerated and additional maintenance performed to further reduce traffic hazards. Timber hauling routes may have to be modified, as well. These things need to done as early as possible to reduce safety risks and to inform effected publics so they can make alternative plans.

B. INCIDENTCOMMAND SYSTEM

Many personnel familiar with the ICS are not familiar with law enforcement resources and - . second guessing was used in filling resource requests for law enforcement officers and dispatchers resulted in individuals arriving without necessary equipment or training. Special Law Enforcement '~r "categories" need to be developed so that specifically requested resources are ordered in.

a "Category 1" Law Enforcement Officer is an officer with full uniform, defensive equipment ~ :h visibility vehicle; a "Category 2" Law Enforcement Officer is an officer with full uniform and d. !. ! `;. equipment, but no high visibility vehicle; a Law Enforcement Dispatch must have special law enforcement communication and dispatch.

Some people assigned to the incident command team did not have previous experience .

Incident Command System /normally used on project level fires). Personnel with skills in non-fire incidents (e.g. law enforcement) should receive training on the Incident Command System.

Resource ordering and authorization for a non-fire incident was not given the same prior . .. fire incident.

During the 1992 gathering, purchasing was done through the Forest's purchasing a_ retained all her normal duties. Several situations arose when purchasing was delayed. To ... problem at future gathering incidents, a purchasing agent should be considered for acid incident command team. This would result in additional administration costs.

There were some problems with name-requests for personnel. Several people reported to the incident without proper paperwork, or proper notification through incident command resource order channels. Name-requests should be handled just as other resource orders.

There are safety concerns for Forest Service and other agency personnel considering number of miles traveled, road conditions, traffic conditions, confrontational situations, potentially hazardous physical situations, mental stress from dealing with Family members and irate publics. Team members need lodging facilities removed from gathering for mental rest and relaxation.

The law enforcement liaison officer worked very well and should be included in the incident command team at future gatherings.

A need for a sociologist as a member of the incident command team was identified, to aid interaction between managers, local residents and Rainbow Family members concerning social behaviors and attitudes' conflict resolution, etc.. (This would also be an additional cost.)

C. INTERAGENCY/COMMUNITY COOPERATION

Coordination meetings between cooperating agencies, followed by public information meetings with agency representatives outlining their unified efforts were held periodically throughout the Fathering, with a final close out meeting held July 15. The Delta County Commissioners took the lead role in moderating these meetings. Several meetings were also attended by "unofficial" Rainbow Family representatives. This was an effective arena for concerned citizens to gain accurate information and to air their opinions.

Meetings between the cooperating agencies and local businesses that will likely receive the most impacts from the gathering (convenience stores, gas stations, grocery stores, restaurants, etc.) should be held as soon as the gathering site has been identified. The businesses need to be made aware of the numbers and types of people that will be coming into their area, so they may make preparations for additional help, additional inventory and/or private security.

Health care and emergency services providers need to be involved in early coordination meetings so they are made aware of past gathering incidents and can plan accordingly.

Local fears would be reduced if public meetings can be held as soon as possible and pictures of previous gatherings can be shown to visually represent the event. Fear of the unknown is always greater than fear of the known.

To lessen the impact of large numbers of Rainbow Family members moving through small communities, porta-potties and showers could be set up on the outskirts of towns. This would help direct Rainbow Family movement away from the center of town.

Representatives of cooperating agencies attended daily briefings at the Incident Command Post so all cooperators were kept well informed of happenings/concerns, etc.

Health department, law enforcement personnel and incident command team members from previous gathering should serve as consultants to next Incident Command Team for first two weeks to provide accurate information, quell rumors,- and assist in proactive activity to make gathering management run smoothly.

Rainbow Family representatives should make early contacts with local governments, communities and businesses to identify expectations and needs.

D. PUBLIC AFFAIRS

Rumor control was the biggest problem before and during the gathenng. Accurate information needs to be released to the media and public as soon as possible and continued throughout the gathenng.

the Forest P.\O staff initially served on the incident command team, in addition to their routine duties. PAO's specifically assigned to the incident did not arrive on site until June 20, after which a Public Affairs Action Plan was prepared. P.NO personnel need to arrive at the gathenng earlier. so networks can be established to distribute public information, to allay fears and quell rumors early on in the gathenng. Associated costs would be additional.)

Local managers were inundated with both public outcry and public information requests. The majority of the cooperating agencies used the incident command public affairs staff to deal with media releases and requests. This prevented conflicting or inaccurate information from being circulated, and allowed agency personnel to concentrate on management of the gathenng.

Information was distributed internally via a daily Rainbow update transmitted over the Data General network. This was effective in keeping all Forest personnel abreast of the gathering events so they could provide accurate information to the public.

The Rainbow Family as a whole is very environmentally conscious and members were very receptive to any environmental concerns raised by Forest Service and other cooperating agency personnel. The Forest Service also provided some Smokey Bear material to the children at Kiddie Village. There is a good opportunity to distribute instructional materials on camping ethics, health and safety, resource management, natural processes, etc. through the information centers at the gathenng.

Public Affairs personnel were present through the close out of the incident command post, which was very advantageous. They distributed public information concerning the rehabilitation progress at the gathenng site and the management turnover from the incident command team to the local ranger district.

Maintain open communication between ail involved, including the Rainbow Family.

E. LAW ENFORCEMENT

The Forest Service is not perceived as a law enforcement agency and the public was unaccustomed to seeing green-clad officers equipped with defensive apparatus. The Forest Service needs to take opportunities, such as the Rainbow gathering, to inform the public about training and qualifications of their law enforcement agents, to prevent any apprehension that officers may not be adequately trained to serve in a law enforcement capacity.

To differentiate Forest Service law enforcement officers from resource managers, law enforcement agents could be attired in different uniforms. This may protect non-law enforcement Forest Service personnel from dangerous situations if the public knows they are not armed, based on their uniform

Early, heavy presence (as used by all law enforcement agencies) is an effective deterrent aghast infractions. Proactive, not reactive management needs to be emphasized.

Inform gathering participants of all "busts" as further deterrence of similar actions.

Some officers with drug enforcement experience need to be assigned to the incident. If possible . team should be assigned to specifically deal with drug cases. . A dog trained to locate drugs should also be very helpful.

A high level supervisor from the County law enforcement agency should be assigned to the incident command, to facilitate coordination between the Forest Service and County.

There was a concern that the CSP pulled their contingent out of the area too soon (July 7).

During the gathering, the site was visit by personnel from several law enforcement agencies which were not involved in the gathering management. These visitors did not check in with the incident command post or the DCSO. This activity should be discouraged at fixture gatherings. If outside law enforcement agents wish to tour the gathering, they should arrange to make any official tours through the incident command post. Unofficial tours should be discouraged. Curious individuals should tour the area like the general public - not in uniform or official vehicles.

"Jail or Bail" is an effective procedure to use where large numbers of transients and out-of-area people congregate. This procedure serves as a deterrent to violation activities, reduces the burden on the local jails and courts, and increases the chance of fee payment. To prevent a confusing change in direction mid-stream, as occurred at the 1992 gathering, the Forest Service should seek a District Court Order authorizing the "Jail or Bail" procedure prior to the next Rainbow gathering.

Law enforcement officers may be requested from other Federal agencies under the Incident Command System. 1b insure these officers have authority to enforce CFR regulations on National Forest System lands, Memorandums of Understanding need to be in place.

A law enforcement equipment cache needs to be created so it is available for order out of Boise Interagency Fire Center (BIFC). This cache should include items such as latex gloves, flex cuffs, magnetic enforcement shields for vehicles, law enforcement forms, flashlights, violations notices, clipboards, lockable bank bags, etc.

Rainbow Family members maintain communications within the gathering with CB radios. To assist monitoring of emergency situations, each patrol vehicle should be equipped with a CB radio.

The Colorado Division of Wildlife became involved as a cooperating agency in early June. CDOW officers played an important part in law enforcement efforts and expended many hours on incident management. At future gatherings, state wildlife agencies should be involved in incident planning as early as possible.

Pressure from law enforcement officers, as well as some from the Rainbow Family resulted in the closing of "A" Camp before the main gathering occurred. This eliminated problems of "A"-campers panhandling and extorting money and alcohol along access into gathering site, for Family members, managers and the general public. Similar pressure should be applied at future gatherings.

Law enforcement presence in and around the camp after the gathering prodded the Family to cleanup and leave the area. The normal 14-day camping limit was reenacted on July 8, and the law enforcement presence emphasized that the limit would now be enforced.

F. COMMUNICATIONS

Terrain in the gathering area resulted in poor communications in some locations and required the establishment of several repeater stations. If possible, a communications survey should be conducted prior to the gathering to facilitate establishment of a good communications system.

Communications failed on several channels on several occasions. Once was due to rodents chewing on the support cables. Repeater sites should be designed to prevent this problem from reoccurring. Other failures were unexplained and possibly due to jamming. It is recommended that communications

specialist with knowledge to detect jamming be assigned to future Rainbow incidents, to prevent jamming.

G. PUBLIC HEALTH AND SAFETY

The Rainbow Family's CALM units at the 1992 gathering were not staffed or equipped to deal emergencies or injures requiring more than basic first aid treatment. As a result, 46 persons treated at the Delta Count Memorial Hospital. Less than half of these people had medical ins [he Family said it only felt responsible for the people referred to the hospital by CALM for Rainbow Family members totaled S10,900, of which the Family paid $300 - which did not even pay for the CALM referred patients. Promises of more money at a later date were not kept. In addition individuals were treated by local physicians. Policies requirng payment before services at lock reduced losses. Where adequate identification and insurance is not available, the Family s} requested for payment up front.

Emergency medical services can be heavily impacted, particularly in rural communities services are normally funded by donations. Costs incurred by Rainbow Family members can Ambulance services at future gatherings may be able to work with the Rainbow Family anticipated costs before emergencies occur, in attempts to cut losses.

Forest Service personnel flagged an adequate number of latrine sites, in appropriate however the Family was fax both in digging latrines at flagged locations as well as digging lateness. The Family must be pressured early to dig the required number of latrines for the ant crowd, before the large influx of people occurs.

Latrine sites need to be established at parking areas.

Sanitation lime should be required of the Rainbows. It is low cost and yields high for controlling spread of disease and aids in decomposition of human waste.

water quality monitoring logistics need to be worked out as soon as possible. SIethodolo' lab facilities need to be agreed on to provide current accurate information during the gathering, public health concerns. water quality sampling should be started as soon as the gathering lot known.

Bus village was located in a poor location regarding sanitation aspects. The large conceit of people requires numerous latrine sites, during the course of the gathering, and Bus Village be located accordingly.

Health department personnel should accompany Forest Service personnel in locating sites village, parking areas, Kiddie Village, etc. to help minimize health impacts on the Rainbow population

Health departments need to distribute information on local health concerns to reduce p problems.

, cool weather at the 1992 gathering reduced the chance of serious problems from more severe sunburn, insect bites. Future managers and gathering participants need to keep weather as a factor contributing to human health and safety, and take necessary precautions.

Health department took a passive approach, indirectly getting compliance through suggestion, keeping information simple, rhythmic, common sense, good for fellow Rainbow and mother worked well. Continuous presence of health department prevented major problems from occur

.\ large population of people unfamiliar with wilderness survival techniques arrived for the main gathering. Compliance with required and recommended health standards dropped. The Rainbow Family, health department and Forest Service personnel need to be prepared for this influx and actively educate gathering participants to get better compliance.

Small mammals get into compost pits. This is an unnatural food supply which could result in increased populations and subsequent die offs in following years. Compost pits should be correctly buried or the organic refuse should be removed from the gathering site.

In preparing management strategies for the Rainbow gathering, a review of literature on field sanitation and recreation impacts revealed that little study has been done. There is a great opportunity to study the impacts of large gatherings. Field sanitation methods need to be evaluated to see if any residual health hazards occur.

H. SOCLAL SERVICES

The Social Services Department(s) at next year's gathering need to be informed about what to expect from an influx of 10-20,000 people, so they can make necessary preparations. Things to consider are:

- The pattern of applications for food stamps. Applications began after June 15 and increased in number through the end of the month. Applications remained high the first two days of July, then dropped off. Application numbers reflected the total Rainbow population trend. Applicants applying in June were checked to see if they received Food Stamps in other states. Many were not approved for Food Stamps in June, but since they applied after June 15, they were approved for July. The Delta County office began receiving calls from other states offices in mid July after Family members moved on to other areas.

- The majority of the individuals applying for Food Stamps were very knowledgeable of eligibility requirements. By claiming to be "homeless" rather than vacationers, it was difficult to certify their eligibility for Food Stamps.

- False Social Security numbers were used in applying for Food Stamps Since applicants can not be verified under the homeless rules, bogus numbers may cause future problems.

- Approximately $21,000 worth of Food Stamps were issued to Rainbow Family members during the 1992 gathering. Delta County was able to absorb this amount because it had a large inventory of Food Stamps. Small counties may not have as large an inventory and would need to increase their inventory to handle the increased requests during the gathering. If Food Stamp applications can be handled efficiently, there will be less problems.

- There were reports of Food Stamps being pooled to buy food for the communal kitchens, which is a Federal violation. The FINS regional office in Denver was notified of this during the 1992 gathering.

I. GENERAL

Cooperation between all agencies involved, particularly law enforcement, is the key to successful management. This is not possible if "turf' battles ensue.

Maintain control of the gathering management locally The public knows the individuals that mill be involved, which removes some of the fear of the unknown.

Managers need to remember they are dealing myth PEOPLE. They need to find common ,. ground and work from there.

Humor will go a long way. It Drill lessen stress levels in managers. Information couched in humor Oil be better received.

Managers need to identify which Family members are the power people, who has credibility and can make things happen. This can only be learned by working with the Family on site.

Let the Rainbow Family know what is expected of them regarding behavior in local businesses. communities, as well as at the gathering site. Work with them versus against them. .N non-confrontational stance is the only method to deal myth such a large group.

Managers need to remain neutral and focus on management of the event.

Overland Reservoir was located 2, miles from any community and was accessed by several routes. Though this was not a result of management. it did lessen the impacts both within local communities and on access routes. The Rainbow Family should consider a site with similar features for future gatherings.

There were indications that a faction of the Rainbow Family had an agenda to find a cause to take the Forest Service to court over during the 1992 gathering. Several legal issues arose during the gathering - towing, parking and "Jail or Bail'', but have not resulted in court proceedings. Recognize that Rainbow legal activity may have alternative motives.

The event will dominate your life for 2-3 months; but it will go away.

APPENDIX A

LIST OF COOPERATORS

Participating and Cooperating Agencies/Departments and Responsibilities

USDA FOREST SERVICE - Management and protection of natural resources on Forest.

DELTA COUNTY SHERIFF’S DEPARTMENT - Lead agency for law enforcement (highway safety, vehicle safety, theft, etc..

DELTA COUNTY HEALTH DEPART5IE.~1 - Lead agency for public health and sanitation.

COLORADO STATE PATROL - Highway safety.

DRUG ENFORCEMENT AGENCY - Drug enforcement.

US MARSHAL SERVICE - Law enforcement assistance.

US ATTORNEY,S OFFICE - Federal criminal prosecutions.

COLORADO ATTORNEY'S OFFICE - State criminal prosecutions.

COLORADO DIVISION OF WILDLIFE - Wildlife management (poaching, fishing licenses, etc..

US FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE - Support to Colorado Division of Wildlife

POSTAL INSPECTORS - Contraband mail interdiction.

DELTA CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT - Law enforcement within municipal boundaries.

COLORADO BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION -assistance as needed.

MESA COUNTY SHERIFFS DEPARTMENT - Law enforcement support to Delta County.

GUNNISON COUNTY SHERIFF'S DEPART3IENT - Law enforcement support to Delta County.

MONTROSE COUNTY SHER~F'S DEPAIUMENT - Law enforcement support to Delta County.

GARFIELD COUNTY SHERIFFS DEPART:VE:NT - Law enforcement support to Delta County.

PITKIN COUNTY SHERIFFS DEPART)IE.NT - Law enforcement support to Delta Count`.

HOTCHKISS TOWN MARSHAL - Law enforcement within municipal boundaries.

PAONIA CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT - Law enforcement within municipal boundaries.

COLLBRAN TOWN MARSHAL - Law enforcement within municipal boundaries.

BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT - Dispatch and law enforcement support to Forest Service.

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE - Incident Command Team support.

COLORADO STATS: DEPART5IE~JT OF HEALTH - Public health and sanitation support to Delta County Health Department.

DELTA COUNTY COMMISSIONERS - Public leadership and county administrative support.

DELTA COUNTY ADMINISTRATOR - Coordinate county efforts.

DELTA COUNTY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL - Public health services.

NORTH FORK AMBULANCE SERVICE - Emergency medical services.

DELTA COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES - Social services.

PAONIA HIGH SCHOOL - Facility accommodations.

DELTA COUNTY FAIR BOARD - Facility accommodations

COLORADO STATE PARKS AND RECREATION - Recreation management.

APPENDIX B

OPERATING PLAN 1992 RAINBOW FAMILY RATIONAL GATHERING

Conga Ranger District Gunnison National Forest

The Rainbow Family of Living Light ant the Forest Service has a mutual understanding that the 'allowing Operating Plan will be used to work together in a partnership to assure that the rights of all involved are respected and that the resources of the National Forest are protected.

* TRANSPORTATION AND PARKING

1. The Rainbow Family agrees to sign access routes and parking areas thee are agreed upon by the Forest Service and the Rainbow Family.

2. The Rainbow Family agrees that all parking for non-live-in vehicles will be located in mutually agreed on areas. The Rainbow Family will provide parking lot crews to organize, direct, and provide security for parking in the parking area and live-in vehicles.

3. The Forest Service agrees to coordinate with the County of Delta to control and maintain the Stevens Gulch Road (Forest Road '01), Forest Road 705, and Forest Road 265. Provisions will be made for supply, shuttle, parking and security referring to Gathering activities.

4. The Rainbow Family agrees to cooperate with the Forest Service to maintain the Stevens Gulch Road (Forest Road 701), Forest Road ,05, Forest Road 265, and trails within the Gathering site to the purpose of the Gathering and the rehab of the site.

5. The Rainbow Family agrees that all vehicles abandoned by family members or quests will be removed from National Forest lands and towed at owner's expense after all the cleanup and rehabilitation cork has been completed by the Rainbow Family and the work has been accepted by the Forest Service.

6. Parking restrictions are in place along Forest Road 705(the Forest Service will maintain signs informing the public of these restrictions). Parking along the Stevens Gulch Road(Forest Road .01) and Forest Road 705 will be in Forest Service designated areas only Illegally parked vehicles will be towed at the expense of the vehicle owner.

7. Vehicles parked in Mule Park or other nondesignated areas are subject to towing at the expense of the vehicle owner.

*FIRE

1. Campfires will be attended at all times. Community fires are encouraged by the Rainbow Family. National forest camping and

Rainbow Gathering

Campfire information and requirements will be available at information centers.

The Rainbow Family will take immediate suppression action on any escaped fire and will ..notify the Forest Service as soon as possible.

The Rainbow Family will recommend that a shovel and a one gallon

container of water be placed at each campfire location

4. The Rainbow Family will provide all members with information regarding resource protection and emergency procedures at the welcoming station and ocher centers.

5. The Rainbow Family sill use only dead and down firewood (refer to the Welcome Handout).

* SANITATION

L. The Rainbow Family will work with the State of Colorado and Delta County health officials to monitor and maintain at least the agencies' minimum standards for on-site sanitation and water quality. Specifies are addressed separately by the Health Department.

2. The Colorado State and Delta County Health Departments recommend that all drinking, cooking and kitchen wash water used on site be treated. The Rainbow Family will recommend that water for drinking and cooking be treated by boiling for at least five minutes.

Kitchen washing procedures are recommended to be a three-bucket system. The first bucket should be a hot soapy wash, the second a clear hot rinse and the third a lukewarm chlorine rinse (two ounces of chlorine bleach per five gallons of water. Dishes should then be allowed to air dry. Kitchen areas will be roped off or otherwise defined. A hand washing station is recommended for each kitchen area.

4. It is required that compost and gray water pits attached to kitchens be covered at all times with 4 ail . polyethylene or similar material and that dishes and kitchen utensils be covered when not in use.

5. ,he Rainbow Family will maintain at least one functioning latrine per 100 people. Latrines will consist of a dug hole at least 30 itches by 12 long and 36 inches deep or comparable slit trenches. Latrine. will be rodent and fly proof. Latrines will be located at least 300 feet horizontal distance from streams and lakes, be covered with plywood or similar material ant be sealed at the edges with earth. User access will be by trap door through the cover. If water appears in the hole it should refilled and a new location identified. Latrines will be monitored by the Rainbow Family and shut down when the contents are within 15 inches of the surface. Buckets of line and for wood ash shall be provided by the Rainbow Family at all latrine locations. A hand washing bleaching Vader station wil1 be at each latrine.

The Rainbow will take appropriate action to have the site and parking areas cleaned up and rehabilitated by the time agreed upon (but no later than August '2, 1992) between the Forest Service and Rainbow Family clean-up crew(s).

* GENERAL

Copies of this Operating Plan will be posted by the Rainbow Family at the Gathering Information Center and other suitable locations.

The Rainbow Family will establish contact with local agencies, businesses, and organizations to arrange services and supplies, as needed.

The Rainbow Family will provide on-site first aid services and be responsible for emergency medical coordination and evacuation with area hospitals.

The Rainbow Family Tribal Council will maintain a volunteer liaison team for administration agreement matters between the Forest Service and the Tribal Council. The Forest Service recognizes that members of the liaison team do not make decisions for the Tribal Council or the Rainbow Family, but serve to facilitate effective communication between the parties.

* REPRESENTATIVES

1. Designated representatives for the Forest Service are:

a. Incident Commander - Warren Dubois ~ Nort Phillips

b. Planning Chief - Tom Williams

c. Operations Chief - Steve Posey ~ Terry Huges

d. Information - Dennis Neal, Lisa Notch, Ron Jablonski, Scott

Fitzwilliams, and Denise Stuhr

e. Health & Safe q - Rick Oberheu ~ Bonnie Koehler

f. Law Enforcement - Chet Lonczak, Charles Burt, and Fred hcKec

g District Ranger - Hichael Wart

Rainbow Family Tribal Council

6. The rainbow family will monitor sanitation at kitchens and :at latrines. Specific recommendations will be addressed by the Health Department.

7 Individual sites, including campsites, kitchens, tea houses, and relayed facilities wit! be located no Less than 150 feet from lakes, screams, and wet areas.

8. As surface disposition occurs the Rainbow -Family will correct it by burying or covering and discourage the practice.

9. Vehicles equipped with holding tanks for gray and black water will dump contents in an state approved dumping station.

* SITE AND RESOURCE CONCERNS

1. The camp will be designed as much as is practical to minimize environmental impacts (I.e. dispersing camp sites) while providing a logical use pattern necessary to facilitate the purposes of the Gathering.

2. No green timber nor vegetation will be cut unless approved by the Forest Service.

3. The signing of facilities, activities, services, and travel routes in the Gathering area will be done as necessary by the Rainbow Family.

4. Areas restricted from camping and foot traffic for environmental reasons will be identified by the Forest Service, and be signed and flagged by the Rainbow Family. The Forest Service will identify and flag areas of concern (e.g. research and cultural resource sites, etc.) to prevent concentrated use at any one area.

5. All sod and soil from the fire dug-outs will be stored, and to the extent practical, replaced after the Gathering as part of site rehabilitation.

6. The Rainbow Family will monitor kitchen and other activities to assure that soap, disinfectants, medical waste, or any ocher foreign material, will not be introduced into lakes, streams, or other surface water-.

* CLEAN UP AND REHABILITATION

1. The Rainbow Family clean-up crew will be responsible for picking up all litter; disassembling and removing fire rings; rehabilitating trails; removing structures; and naturalizing the site.

2. Recommendations for scarifying, seeding, fertilizing, and other site rehabilitation will be provided by the Forest Service after July 8, 1992.

All refuse sill be either recycled or removed from the Gathering sites and taken to a licensed disposal site.

APPENDIX C REHABILITATION PLAN 1992 NATIONAL RAINBOW FAMILY PAONIA RANGER DISTRICT

GRAND MESA, UMCOMPHAGRE & GUNNISON NATIONAL FORESTS

The 1992 National Rair.bow Family Gathering took place on the Paonia Ranger District of the Gunnison National Forest. Over 19000 visitors were estimated to be on the site of the Gathering July 4, 1992.

This plan provides the general guidance, maps, specifications ~ methods to facilitate the cleanup ~ rehabilitation of the Overland Reservoir ~ Elk Park

-areas which were impacted by the Rainbow Family Gathering participants. This Plan is intended to be a guide to assist Forest Service ~ Rainbow Family members to better understand the objectives and end-results of the cleanup rehabilitation work. More detailed ~ s$te-specific cleanup ~ rehabilitation needs will be addressed as they come up.

Objectives:

Incident objective #8 reads Ensure that environmental safe guards are available ~ the site is returned to a near natural condition.. Initial efforts during the seed camp phase of the Gathering to limit environmental impacts by drawing participants away from sensitive sites were successful. This was accomplished by working with Family members to locate tra$1s, kitchens, water systems ~ ocher features of the gathering on the more resistant ~ resilient sites.

The following cleanup ~ rehabilitation objectives are oriented towards returning the site to near natural conditions.

1) Physical evidence of mans presence will be removed from the site or rearranged to present a natural appearance.

2) Areas of exposed mineral soil will be scarified/aerated, seeded, & fertilized as necessary to insure revegetation within one "roving season. Accomplishment of this objective will require that seeding be completed prior to August 1st.

3) A tread width of 24 inches will be reestablished for the 81k Park ~ Peter's Creek pack trails by revegetating the excess width as specified in objective 2 above. All other trails will be obliterated.

4) To minimize erosion all trail segments ~ disturbed areas on slopes over lot will have erosion control structures in place prior to August lse.

5) Access roads (FOR 701, 705 ~ 265) will be maintained to pre-gatherin3

1) Physical evidence of mans presence vill be removed from the site or rearranged to present a natural appearance.

2) Areas of exposed mineral soil vill be scarified/aerated, seeded, & fertilized as necessary to insure revegetation within one "roving season. Accomplishment of this objective vill require that seeding be completed prior to August 1st.

3) A tread width of 24 inches will be reestablished for the Elk Park ~ Peter's Creek pack trails by revegetating the excess width as specified in objective 2 above. All other trails will be obliterated.

4) To minimize erosion all trail segments & disturbed areas on slopes over lot vill have erosion control structures in place prior to August 1st.

5) Access roads (FOR 701. 705 ~ 265) will be maintained to pre-gathering-conditions.

6) Cleanup ~ rehabilitation will be conducted in an orderly manner from the perimeter of the~site inward towards the "front gate"/supply area.

General Cleanup

1) Pickup all refuse, litter and other foreign material and dispose of at a recognized sanitary landfill or recycle center in accordance with County Regulations.

2) Fire pits will be filled with the native material that was removed from the pit. Rocks will be scattered to appear natural to the surrounding landscape.

3) Latrines will be covered with the native material originally removed from the pit ant mounded with excess material to allow for settling. All fecal matter will be covered.

4) Compost piles will only include natural decomposable material. Compost piles and gray water sumps will be covered with dirt and returned to a natural condition.

5) All kitchens, tea houses, etc. will be totally dismantled and man made material removed from the site. Selected areas of concentrated use will need scarification and aeration to hasten the healing process. Where needed, seeding and mulching material will be selected that are best suited to these high elevation ecosystems (Mountain Mix). Specific areas will be identified by a Forest Service Representative.

6) All other structures (bridges, swings, lean-tos, ovens) will be dismantled removed, or scattered to achieve a natural appearance.

7) All water lines will be removed from the gathering site.

8) Certain trails will be obliterated (see map of specific sites). Trails that remain will have a 24 inch treadway, with appropriate water control to avoid concentrations of water and prevent gully formation.

Specific Site Rehabilitation Areas

Areas warranting special attention are as follows.

1) Briefing area west of trailhead facility at front gate will be scarified seeded. This area is also recommended as a staging area for refuse collection ~ removal.

2) Bus Village will require mechanical scarification & fertilization in conjunction with seeding.

t:

3) The steep trail south of and leading to Love'n Ovens will require extensive erosion control measures as designated on the ground by the Forest Service Resource Specialist.

4) The trails leading to the Doughnut Factory sill be obliterated

5) Scarification & seeding of concentration areas in & around the main circle is critical in order to reestablish vegetation in this area.

Seed ~ Fertilizer Specifications

1) Areas under heavy stands of timber do not need to be seeded (shady areas). All other areas should be seeded with a mix adapted to high elevations, called Mountain Mix". This consists of 15t lincoln Broome, 20% Potomac Orchard grass, 15% kenblue Kentucky Bluegrass, 25% linn Per Ryegrass, 20% Ryegrain, VNS 51 Timothy, Climax. This seed must be certified with the certification tags being returned to the Forest Service Representative.

2) The seeding rate will be 21bs/acre (21bs per 1,000 sq. ft).

3) A proper seedbed can be prepared by scarifying the soil with the appropriate tool or tools. The seed should then be spread ~ worked into the soil by raking, making sure the seed is covered with no more than 1/2. of soil. The placement of natural mulch will greatly enhance the success of the seeding. Natural mulches in the area would include dead twigs ~ branches, rotten wood materials ~ grass clippings from close by areas.

Fertilization

The fertilization should accompany revegetation efforts on the Bus Village area ~ the parking area around the entrance areas. This is needed to ensure successful revegetation of these in-fertile subsoils of this area. Based on work with various ski areas ~ Vail Pass suggested rates are 2001bs/acre of 16-20-0 ammonium phosphate sulfate should be applied filth grass seeding.

Specification/Aeration Specification.

- For moderately compacted areas such as kitchens ~ trails scarification to a 3 inch depth depth on a 6x6 inch grid will be needed. Because of he limited access to many of the disturbed areas it is suggested that a rotary dram scarifier/aerator be fabricated from a 50 gallon oil drum to complement work accomplished with hand tools.

2) For heavily compacted areas such as Bus Village, scarification to a 6 inch depth on a 12"x12" grid will be needed. It is anticipated that this will require mechanized equipment.

Note: The 5O gallon drum scarifier will be furnished by the Forest Service. However, equipment &scarifying Bus Village will be procured by & at the expense of the Rainbow Family.

Prepared by: 7/6/92

(signed)

Terry Hughes

Approved by:

(signed) 7/6/92

Warren DuBois

Incident Commander

Nort Phillips 7/6/92

(signed)

Deputy Incident Commander

Concurrence by: 7/6/92

(signed)

Steven Posey (signed)

District Ranger

APPENDIX D

1992 NATIONAL RAINBOW FAMILY GATHERING GUNNISON NATIONAL FOREST
PAONIA RANGER DISTRICT

You are now a guest of the Gunnison National Forest and neighboring communities. The following information will help you be a good guest.

SANITATION - For the welfare of all, and to create a positr e image, it is important that everyone consider the handling of human waste a very important matter. Latrines should be used and maintained at the rate of 1 latrine per 100 persons on site. If latrines are not being used, waste should be buried in catholes of at least 6-8. in depth.

GARBAGE/SOLID WASTE - If is can be recycled, deposit it at the recycling stations that are scattered throughout the site. Garbage is being hauled out of the site to local landfills. Dispose of other materials by packing them out with you when you leave,

WATER - All water in the area of the site is owned by the Overland Ditch Company. They are very concerned about the impacts large numbers of people will have on the quality and quantity of water. This water is used for irrigating crops and gardens in the lower valleys. Some families also use this water for domestic purposes. Please do not bauble, wash or swim in the reservoir or streams that enter the reservoir. Boil all drinking water for at least 5 minutes.

SAFE DRIVING - Access to the site is primarily on gravel roads. Keep your speed down and obey all special postings. Law enforcement patrols will be enforcing traffic laws for the safely of all who may be using the roads to access their National Forest. Please drive safe9.

INSECTS - You will find a host of stinging and biting insects in the woods, as well as ticks. Insect repellents have some affect, but in general the bugs are something you'll just have to put up with. Ricks can carry Lyme Disease and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. Fleas can carry Bubonic Plague. ~

HYPOTHERMIA - The loss of body heat, lowering of body temperature, due to prolonged exposure to cold is hypothermia. Staying warm and dry is the key to avoiding hypothermia.

ALTITUDE SICKNESS - If you have come in from a low altitude you are advised to sake it easy for a couple of days. Avoid strenuous exercise until your body has a chance to acclimate to the over 10,000 foot altitude of the site. Symptoms could include d~z.:r.ess. headaches and nausea. If symptoms persist, move to a lower altitude.

THUNDERSTORMS/LIGHTNING - Colorado weather patterns this time of year normally include afternoon showers and thunderstorms. For your own safety, do not seek shelter In sparse stands of trees. Lightning is especially deadly in the high country.

CAMPFIRES - Campfiress should be located on bare soil, away from travel routes and flammable materials. It is illegal to leave campfires unattended. You may collect dead and down wood from National Forest land to use as firewood or shelter construction. Fireworks are illegal at HI times on National Forests

ILLNESS/MEDICAL SERVICES - If you become ill at the site we suggest you seek medical assistance as soon as possible. Anyone not feeling well should refrain from kitchen duty. hledicai services are available in neighboring communities. Check with CALM for specific information.

EMERGENCY MESSAGES - Emergency messages received will be transported to the site.

DUST ABATEMENT - During the period beginning 6/24 there will be temporary delays on Stevens Gulch Road, FS Road 701' to facilitate the application of magnesium chloride to the road in order to reduce dust.

PARKING - There is plenty of parking designated near the site. Please observe the NO PARKING/NO CAMPING signs posted along access routes and other roads. ILLEGALLY PARKED VEHICLES WILL BE TOWED AT OWNER EXPENSE. Please cooperate with Rainbow Family parking crews and others directing traffic.. The Rainbow Family will provide shuttle services from the parking areas to the entrance to the main singe.

SPECIAL AREAS - Special areas within the gathering site will be signed and marked. Cultural sites, research areas and sensitive riparian areas should be avoided.

PRIVATE PROPERTY - There are areas near the site which are private lands. Please respect the rights of private land owners and their properties. Landowner permission is required.

HELICOPTER LANDING AREA - With the cooperation of Rainbow Family members, a helicopter landing area is being identified to serve the Gathering site in case of emergency. Once identified, do not camp within the marked perimeter.

PHOTOGRAPHS - You may encounter Forest Service personnel taking photographs of activities and features at the site. Photos will be used for several purposes, including a record of the event. Forest Service personnel will ask permission before a photo is taken.

PETS - Pets are to be restrained and cleaned up after. Like people, pets can be infected with diseases carried by ticks and fleas. Keep your pets under control and away from wild rodents, which can carry Bubonic Plague. This is fawning/calving season. Do not allow your pets to harass wildlife.

LAWS AND REGULATIONS - We will appreciate your support and cooperation to protect all National Forest, Colorado, private landowners' and residents' resources. Please help us by complying with all State and Federal laws and reguaitions which local officials will be coordinating to enforce.