THOMAS v. REAGAN

USDC Cr. No. 84-3552

TRANSCRIPT CONTINUED

THE CLERK: Fish Exhibit 16.

Thomas: Reading "First Amendment rights are important." In the enforcement of these regulations, like the June 4 letter enforcement, is it your policy and the policy of the National Park Service to just go out and arrest people, or is there some other policy that you try to follow?

Fish: It would be the policy of the National Park Service to publish, produce the regulations and see that the regulations are adhered to.

Thomas: Do you ever attempt to work with individuals who are engaged in expressive behavior?

Fish: I'm not sure I understand.

THE COURT: I'm not sure I know what you mean by "work with." Why don't you try to be more precise in your questions.

Thomas: With the exhibit of the, well, let me just show you this other exhibit here--

THE COURT: Number what? For the record.

Thomas: This is number, Exhibit Number 16.

THE COURT: All right, the record will show Number 16.

Thomas: If you'll just look at the last sentence with particular attention as you review it. Could you identify it for the record please?

Fish: Letter National Park Service National Capital Region addressed to Mr. Michael J. Gaffney (?) Esquire, Washington, DC, dated -- I can't make out the date, looks like April something 1982, and it refers to a demonstration of Vietnam Veterans Against the War.

THE COURT: It's authored by--

Fish: I'm sorry, your Honor, myself. I signed the letter.

Thomas: And the sentence there?

Fish: "In order that all of the logistical" -- logistics, excuse me -- "In order that all of the legistics of the VVAW activities may be worked out satisfactorily, please continue to coordinate with Mr. Rick Merryman, Special Events Coordinator."

Thomas: "Worked out." And also, the highlighted section there, could you read that please?

Fish: "We have reviewed the application and have found that the planned activities do not contravene current or proposed National Park Service regulations."

Thomas: So, you also in the Exhibit 13, I believe it is, the Community for Creative Non-Violence letter, I believe that you suggested an alternative to them in that letter, or that letter indicates that you suggested an alternative to them?

Fish: Yes.

Thomas: Now, is that, is that the policy of the Park Service with respect to expressive activities when you, when the enforcement agents run up against a given situation which might be questionable, you or they have the policy to approach these individuals as rational human beings and explain to them what's wrong with their activities and how they might accommodate their activities so that they can carry on their expressive activity, or alleged expressive activity, without getting arrested for it -- is that the policy of the Park Service?

Fish: Our policy would be to, the individual or individuals would file an application, we would meet with them generally and try to work out any of the specifics of the particular demonstration, and follow up with a permit for the activity.

THE COURT: That, so you're talking about a situation of more than 25 where a permit is required?

Fish: Or an individual, your Honor, if there's a request, but there is no, as you point out, there is no permit required. Generally if there's an application we would meet with the group and try to work out, work out any problems.

THE COURT: Just to clear up the issue at this point. Would your subordinates or other officials of the Park Service advise the persons concerned as to conduct that would be proper under the regulations, conduct that would be improper under the regulations?

Fish: I'm sure they would, your Honor.

THE COURT: That's your policy?

Fish: Yes.

THE COURT: All right. Go ahead, Mr. Thomas, with your next inquiry.

Thomas: If an arrest was made, then -- I think that answered the question. (pause) Then this letter that was dated -- the Exhibit l6 that says that people, if I'm not mistaken -- does that say that they will be engaged in sleeping activities but they're not camping under the regulations?

Fish: If I may just--

THE COURT: Take your time to look at the document.

Fish: "Specifically you propose to establish a mock Vietnam War era fire base secured by a perimeter of mock concertina wire and sandbags. No structures or shelters will be used and there will be no fires or breaking of ground, food service, food preparation, or sanitary facilities. Participants will have proper banners" -- protest banners, excuse me -- "and picket signs within the perimeter, and sentries will 'guard' with toy rifles. While some participants will be asleep in the area at all times during the night, different participants will be awakened at two hour intervals to stand guard duty. In addition, during the demonstration, a tape of the sound of helicopters and weapons firing will be played." That's in the context of (unclear).

Thomas: And people in that particular demonstration would have been sleeping and they would have had some property that they would have had in their possession, and they would have had signs, and that wouldn't have been camping, is that correct?

Fish: I don't know if they would have had property, but as I read the letter they did have signs, protest banners, and there were some that were sleeping, some who weren't.

Thomas: Toy rifles, concertina wire, sandbags--

Fish: Yes.

THE COURT: Talk louder so your tape recorder can pick the question up.

Thomas: Thank you, I just wanted to get that exhibit number. Exhibit l5, particularly the fourth paragraph there--

Fish: This one?

Thomas: Yes -- no, the one underneath it, the fifth paragraph.

[TAPE 3]
FROM NOTES (some questions lost on tape):

THE COURT: Identify, has he seen before -- ask question.

Fish: Called attachment 16, appears to be a general statement by W. Thomas 6/5/82.

THE COURT: Who's W. Thomas?

Fish: I assume the same person here.

THE COURT: Before today have you seen him?

Fish: Not that I recall.

Thomas: I'd like your Honor to take judicial notice -- it was filed in the camping case you heard September 1982. Officer Samuel Wolz testified that I gave him a copy of that document prior to his arresting me June 4 (sic), 1982.

THE COURT: What's your question?

Thomas: If you had been the arresting officer--

Martinez: Objection, your Honor.

[RESUME FROM TAPE 3]

THE COURT: All we would be getting from the witness here is his advice (unclear) or me or Judge Oberdorfer or whoever else would have to decide the legal propriety of Officer Wolz' conduct at the time in question.

Thomas: It seems to me, your Honor, that we've established a few things. We've established, I think, that it's not the policy of the Park Service to simply arrest people, that it's the policy of the Park Service to try to work with people who are engaged in expressive activity, that Mr. Fish issued a letter delegating responsibility, and I'm just wondering whether he, as a responsible individual, would have acted as the agent to whom he delegated responsibility, or whether he approves of that agent's--

THE COURT: Well, even if he didn't approve of it wouldn't be material at this point. The question is factually what happened--

Thomas: Well I think--

THE COURT: -- and your testimony at trial, Mr. Wolz' testimony at trial, and then Judge Oberdorfer's going to have to decide the question of whether or not the officer acted properly or not, and so forth, consistent with the policies, consistent with regulations. And what another officer, even a superior, may later say about whether the officer made a mistake, or if he acted willfully, wrongfully, legally are of no consequence, it's ultimately for the courts to resolve that issue. And the argument you're making may be properly addressed to prior fact, but what this witness' opinion, I wouldn't be bound by it, if he said it was entirely proper, Judge Oberdorfer wouldn't necessarily take his word for it. So at this point what his view on the subject is is immaterial.

Thomas: I think the materiality of it that I think there is, is that either Mr. Fish would condone what I would be representing as impermissive behavior, in which case I think he would bear some culpability for it, or he would not condone it, in which case he wouldn't be culpable.

THE COURT: Well, the question of condoning or ratifying conduct would have to be at the time, not when his superior is on the witness stand here today. And the fact that he agreed or disagreed today would be immaterial. If in fact a week after the event occurred someone made a complaint to him in the question like police brutality cases and the Chief of Police or someone didn't take action, in this case, maybe there might be something back then, but it hasn't been established that before today Mr. Fish has ever been advised of the incident or knew anything about what happened. Today he says he's never seen your document before today. So what he says today, his opinion is of no consequence. Let me ask you this question, just to clear up -- as to ANY of Mr. Thomas' arrests, did you ever get any complaint that any park police officer had acted improperly, from June of '81 to the day this case was filed in November of '84?

Fish: I don't recollect, your Honor.

Thomas: If I sent you a letter, would you then -- complaining of improper behavior, would you then--

THE COURT: Wait, did he -- why don't you ask him does he recall receiving any letters that you ever sent him, if you sent him a letter? Ask him what he recalls rather than what he would have done.

Thomas: Do you recall ever receiving any letters?

Fish: I don't recall ever receiving a letter.

Thomas: Do you recall what transpired after you signed the letter of June 4, who you gave it to or what they said they were going to do -- who you gave it to, do you recall who you gave the letter to after you signed it? The June 4 letter?

Fish: No, I don't.

Thomas: Do you recall anything about it?

Fish: Just what I already mentioned.

Thomas: (pause)

Fish: Exhibit No. 4 is a form, a request for OMB review, and it's two pages signed by an official of our national office, National Park Service's national office, signed by me, it's dated, excuse me, your Honor, 3/28/83.

THE COURT: OMB review of what?

Fish: It would be a, apparently it's under the Paperwork Reduction Act and Executive Order 12291, and it's in, in regard to the regulations which prohibit signs or placards that are not hand-carried on the White House sidewalk, and prohibits storage of parcels, containers, bundles, and other propertyon the sidewalk surrounding the White House to further security, aesthetics, and clear passage interests of the government.

THE COURT: Okay, that's sufficient, I just want to make sure it was relevant to this case. Go ahead, Mr. Thomas.

Thomas: Could you identify the--

Fish: That was four. There was one area, that, question #19, "type of affected public, check as many as apply, one, two, three, four." One is checked, and it's "individuals or households."

Thomas: Okay, could you go through the other two documents quickly with the same information please?

Fish: Apparently a request for OMB review -- they don't look the same, but it's Standard Form 83 -- and it's entitled "The Information Collection of Rulemaking, National Capital Parks Regulations, Lafayette Park, structures prohibitions, sign limitations." The affected public is checked as individuals or households, it is signed by myself on 8/7/85 and by an official in the national office the same day.

THE COURT: That's exhibit number what for the record.

Fish: Excuse me, your Honor, that's Exhibit no. 5, and it's five pages. And then the same type of form--

THE COURT: Exhibit No. 6, now, you're referring to?

Fish: Yes. This too is a request for OMB review, and it indicates National Capital Park regulations, Lafayette Park, structure prohibitions, affected public checked as individuals or households, signed by myself on 2/3/86, February 3rd '86, signed by an official of the national office on the same day, as I say, it's two pages.

THE COURT: All right, we have identification then. Each of those three documents are copies of documents you have seen before, you personally have.

Fish: Yes.

THE COURT: All right, go ahead, Mr. Thomas.

Thomas: Okay, now I'm going to show you Exhibit 10 and ask you if you would identify it and to read the highlighted part on the pages I'm showing you.

Martnez: Your Honor, if I might, Exhibit 10 is the White House sidewalk rule that Judge Bryant found procedurally defective. So I don't know if -- I mean that's not the regulation that was ultimately (unclear).

THE COURT: I don't know what the question is going to be, so let's have the question so I can determine whether it's relevant or not.

Fish: Exhibit 10--

THE COURT: Exhibit 10? Okay, go ahead.

Fish: --is the Federal Register of April 22, 1983, 36 CFR 50 National Capital Park regulations, demonstrations in the White House area.

THE COURT: I believe Mr. Thomas had asked you about the highlighted part. Will you read it into the record so the record shows an orientation with his question.

Fish: "For example, two individuals who have in the past and are presently maintaining a daily demonstration in front of the White House have had as many as 25 signs or placards leaning against the White House fence. In addition to the signs, paper bags, suitcases, and other parcels containing personal belongings obstruct the view of the White House and impede the flow of pedestrian traffic."

THE COURT: Quote unquote. Is that, just for the record, so when it's transcribed, is that the total of the yellow highlighted material?

Fish: Yes.

THE COURT: Mr. Thomas--

Thomas: Thank you. The question is, do you, can you identif--

Fish: There's another highlighted area.

Thomas: We can get to that maybe if necessary, but can you identify those two individuals?

Fish: No, I, I can't.

THE COURT: Well, let me ask you this question. Do you -- today then you don't know who, who that reference is to?

Fish: No, I don't, your Honor.

THE COURT: Did you know at the time that the regulation was promulgated the identity of the two individuals to whom that passage referred?

Fish: I may have, your Honor, I mean it may have come up in conversation with the Solicitors.

THE COURT: Okay, but you don't have any distinct recollection today.

Fish: No I don't.

THE COURT: You don't know for the record then whether one of those two individuals was a reference to Mr. Thomas or not.

Fish: I don't know that for a fact, no sir.

Thomas: Could you check on there and see whether or not you suspended they delay of effectiveness on the regulation.

THE COURT: The document speaks for itself. How is that maerial? The question is what was going through his mind, and whether he believed that you were one of those two persons. The regulation in the record, administrative record will probably show what happened with the regulation.

Thomas: I think there's some question as to whether or not there was good cause for suspending the delay of effectiveness of the regulation, and I thought that perhaps it might be cleared up, whether he recalls whether the document shows--

THE COURT: The document can show for itself, speak for itself. Whether he recalls anything about the effectiveness of the document, you can ask that question.

Thomas: Thank you. Do you recall whether or not having suspended the delay of effectiveness, that was held up?

Fish: I don't recall.

Thomas: Okay, I'll just show you--

THE COURT: Again by way of questions involved in this case, let me just ask a couple of other clarifying questions. At the time the '83 regulations were being promulgated, do you recall any discussion with you, or any Department of Interior or National Park Service officials, about the content of the signs or what these two individuals were saying or whether that was contrary to the views of the administration or anything of that type at all?

Fish: No, sir, your Honor.

THE COURT: So with reference to that passage that has just been read into the record, what was on those structures or signs had nothing to do with the regulations, is that your testimony?

Fish: That's absolutely correct.

THE COURT: You don't recall who the two individuals were, you don't recall what the content was, the content had nothing to do with the regulation itself being promulgated?

Fish: That is, that is correct.

THE COURT: All right. That's what's important in this case.

Thomas: Do you recall whether or not you entered into any discussions with respect to enforcement of that April 22 regulation?

Fish: I don't recall specifically.

Thomas: Do you recall whether or not any enforcement took place?

Fish: I do not.

Thomas: Would you read the other highlighted part, please?

Fish: "Further, the interim rule applies only to the sidewalks contiguous to the White House. A substantial number of alternative forums exist close to the White House sidewalks where these restrictions do not apply."

THE COURT: Okay. What's the followup question, Mr. Thomas? Do you have a question based on what he just read into the record?

Thomas: Um, well I will get to that question shortly.

THE COURT: All right.

Thomas: Could you just quickly identify that document and read the two highlighted parts?

THE COURT: Refer to it by the identification number.

Fish: Exhibit Number 11. And it's a Federal Register, copy of a Federal Register document Tuesday, May 17, 1983, and one highlighted area: "For example, two indiv--"

Martinez: Your Honor, at this point I, the two highlighted areas in this exhibit are exactly the same as the two highlighted areas in the other exhibit.

THE COURT: Verbatim?

Martinez: Verbatim.

THE COURT: All right, why don't you just ask him your question?


Case Listing --- Proposition One ---- Peace Park